Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle present in eukaryotic cells, which participates in numerous intracellular processes. Some of major ER functions are calcium (Ca+2) storage, synthesis of lipids and steroids and protein folding. However, ER homeostasis disruption leads to Ca+2 imbalance and an accumulation of unfolded proteins in the lumen of the ER. The responses are collecti…