Abstract
Multinodular goiter (MNG) is defined as an enlargement of the thyroid gland that is characterized by heterogeneity in growth and function of thyroid follicular cells. It is a benign and very common disease. Constitutive activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signal transduction pathway, including PTEN loss of expression, in follicular cells has been frequently involved in …