Abstract
The neuropeptide F (NPF) and the short neuropeptide F (sNPF) display in invertebrates similar functions as the neuropeptide Y (NPY) in vertebrates. These peptides modulate processes such as growth, reproduction, learning, memory, and feeding. In the honeybee Apis mellifera, a social insect where workers search for food in response to colonial needs, the sNPF represents a key molecule driv…