Abstract
BMPs (Bone Morphogenetic Protein) and their receptors are expressed in different cell types during all steps of body growth and development. BMPs have broad biological actions, which depend on the recruitment of the intracellular signaling proteins SMADs, co-factors and the cross talk with other signaling pathways. SMADs 1/5/8 are specific receptor-regulated SMADs (BR-SMADs). It has alrea…