Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase-A1 (PDIA1) is a dithiol-disulfide oxidoreductase chaperone with a major canonical function of redox protein folding (disulfide bond formation/isomerization) in nascent proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Thus, PDIA1 exerts a central role in ER-associated proteostasis and redox balance. The quantitatively smaller PDIA1 pool at the cell surface and extrac…