Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is one of the main etiological agents responsible for gastrointestinal diseases in humans and animals, known as Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). It is a gram-positive, anaerobic, flagellated, and spore-forming bacterium that affects different species of animals and humans. Virulence is attributed to two main toxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), with…