Abstract
Encapsulation of Local Anesthetics (LA) in ionic gradient liposomes (IGL) aspiring to increase the time of analgesia and decrease the side effects, by maintaining the drug in the site of action for a longer time, has been quite encouraging and prolific. Mowat et al (Anesthesiol. 85:635, 1996) reported the use of IGL with an acidic inner aqueous compartment (300 mM citrate at pH 4.0) and e…