Abstract
Environmental sustainability and economic benefits motivate maximum use of recycled asphalt materials in asphalt mixtures. According to the National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA), the United States saved approximately $2.2 billion, in 2017, by replacing virgin materials with 76.2 million tons of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and 1 million tons recycled asphalt shingles (RAS). In …