Abstract
"Witche's broom" is the main disease affecting cacao (Theobroma cacao), limiting cocoa production in South America and the Caribbean. The basidiomycete fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, the etiologic agent of the disease, has a hemibiotropic lifestyle with a long and peculiar biotrophic period, causing the symptoms of swelling and induction of lateral shoots in the infected branches. The …