Abstract
The Transcontinental Amazon Basin, home of one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on earth, is accepted to have been stablished by the Late Miocene, having evolved from a megawetland in the Middle Miocene (~11 Ma). However, the present-day vast biodiversity was established later, prior to the Pleistocene (ca. 3 Ma). Both the establishment of the current diversity and the development of the…