CV Lattes
ORCID
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2 to 3% of all cancer cases globally, primarily affecting Western countries. Among RCC subtypes, clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) represents approximately 85% of cases. Current treatment strategies predominantly involve targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and employing novel immunotherapeutic agents. Notably, immune checkpoint inhi…