Abstract
The heart of anurans has five chambers: venous sinus, left and right atria, ventricle, and arterial cone. However, in a recent study, it was observed that individuals of Brachycephalus rotenbergae and B. pitanga have a heart with a reduced atrial septum, thus, with one less chamber. Furthermore, it was noted that they lack a visible carotid body, which is found in the carotid artery and p…