Abstract
The order Hemiptera, encompassing true bugs, is a vast group constituting the fifthlargestinsect order with nearly 107,000 species. Within Hemiptera, the suborderAuchenorrhyncha, specifically the family Membracidae, is notably diverse andmorphologically varied. Membracids, like other Hemipterans, exhibit holocentricchromosomes which are characterized by the lack of a single, localized cen…