Abstract
The Influenza A viruses (IAV), belonging to the Orthomyxoviridae family, can infect various species, including birds and mammals. In recent years, the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b has shown significant geographic expansion and adaptation to new hosts, and has been recently identified in dairy herds in the United States. This infection has been associated wi…