Abstract
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) accounts for approximately 70% of diagnosed bladder cancer cases and is treated by transurethral resection of the lesion, followed by intravesical therapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). However, around 30% of patients do not respond to treatment, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches. In 2020, the U.S. regulatory agency app…