Genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax over time and space: a community-based study in rural Amazonia

Author(s)

Batista, Camilla L. ^[1] ; Barbosa, Susana ^[1] ; Bastos, Melissa Da Silva ^[1] ; Viana, Susana Ariane S. ^[1] ; Ferreira, Marcelo U. ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Parasitol, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Parasitology; v. 142, n. 2, p. 374-384, FEB 2015.
• Web of Science Citations: 13

Abstract

To examine how community-level genetic diversity of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax varies across time and space, we investigated the dynamics of parasite polymorphisms during the early phases of occupation of a frontier settlement in the Amazon Basin of Brazil. Microsatellite characterization of 84 isolates of P. vivax sampled over 3 years revealed a moderate-to-high genetic diversity (mean expected heterozygosity, 0.699), with a large proportion (78.5%) of multiple-clone infections (MCI), but also a strong multilocus linkage disequilibrium (LD) consistent with rare outcrossing. Little temporal and no spatial clustering was observed in the distribution of parasite haplotypes. A single microsatellite haplotype was shared by 3 parasites collected during an outbreak; all other 81 haplotypes were recovered only once. The lowest parasite diversity, with the smallest proportion of MCI and the strongest LD, was observed at the time of the outbreak, providing a clear example of epidemic population structure in a human pathogen. Population genetic parameters returned to pre-outbreak values during last 2 years of study, despite the concomitant decline in malaria incidence. We suggest that parasite genotyping can be useful for tracking the spread of new parasite strains associated with outbreaks in areas approaching malaria elimination. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 10/50333-8 - Population dynamics of Plasmodium vivax polymorphisms in rural Brazilian Amazonia
• Grantee: Marcelo Urbano Ferreira
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 13/23770-6 - Optimising malaria case detection in a low transmission setting in rural Brazilian Amazon
• Grantee: Susana Do Carmo Pinto Barbosa
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral