The Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory

Author(s):Show less -

Aab, A. ^[1] ; Abreu, P. ^{[2, 3]} ; Aglietta, M. ^{[4, 5]} ; Ahn, E. J. ^[6] ; Al Samarai, I. ^[7] ; Albert, J. N. ^[8] ; Albuquerque, I. F. M. ^[9] ; Allekotte, I. ^{[10, 11]} ; Allen, J. ^[12] ; Allison, P. ^[13] ; Almela, A. ^{[14, 15]} ; Alvarez Castillo, J. ^[16] ; Alvarez-Muniz, J. ^[17] ; Batista, R. Alves ^[18] ; Ambrosio, M. ^{[19, 20]} ; Aminaei, A. ^[21] ; Anchordoqui, L. ^[22] ; Andringa, S. ^{[2, 3]} ; Aramo, C. ^{[19, 20]} ; Aranda, V. M. ^[23] ; Argiro, S. ^{[24, 4]} ; Arisaka, K. ^[25] ; Arneodo, F. ^[26] ; Arqueros, F. ^[23] ; Asch, T. ^[27] ; Asorey, H. ^{[10, 11]} ; Assis, P. ^{[2, 3]} ; Aublin, J. ^{[28, 29]} ; Ave, M. ^{[10, 11]} ; Avenier, M. ^[30] ; Avila, G. ^{[31, 32]} ; Awal, N. ^[12] ; Badescu, A. M. ^[33] ; Balzer, M. ^[34] ; Barber, K. B. ^[35] ; Barbosa, A. ^[36] ; Barenthien, N. ^[34] ; Barkhausen, M. ^[37] ; Baeuml, J. ^[34] ; Baus, C. ^[34] ; Beatty, J. ^[13] ; Becker, K. H. ^[37] ; Bellido, J. A. ^[35] ; BenZvi, S. ^[38] ; Berat, C. ^[30] ; Bergmann, T. ^[34] ; Bertaina, M. E. ^{[4, 5]} ; Biermann, P. L. ^[39] ; Bilhaut, R. ^[8] ; Billoir, P. ^{[28, 29]} ; Blaes, S. G. ^[35] ; Blanco, M. ^{[28, 29]} ; Bleve, C. ^{[40, 41]} ; Bluemer, H. ^{[42, 34]} ; Bohacova, M. ^[43] ; Bolz, H. ^[42] ; Boncioli, D. ^[26] ; Bonifaz, C. ^[44] ; Bonino, R. ^{[4, 5]} ; Boratav, M. ^{[28, 29]} ; Borodai, N. ^[45] ; Bracci, F. ^{[46, 47]} ; Brack, J. ^[48] ; Brancus, I. ^[49] ; Bridgeman, A. ^[42] ; Brogueira, P. ^{[2, 3]} ; Brown, W. C. ^[50] ; Buchholz, P. ^[1] ; Bueno, A. ^{[51, 52]} ; Buitink, S. ^[21] ; Buscemi, M. ^{[19, 20]} ; Caballero-Mora, K. S. ^[53] ; Caccianiga, B. ^{[54, 55]} ; Caccianiga, L. ^{[28, 29]} ; Camin, D. ^{[54, 55]} ; Candusso, M. ^{[46, 47]} ; Caramete, L. ^[39] ; Caruso, R. ^[56] ; Castellina, A. ^{[4, 5]} ; Castera, A. ^{[28, 29]} ; Cataldi, G. ^{[40, 41]} ; Cazon, L. ^{[2, 3]} ; Cester, R. ^{[24, 4]} ; Chavez, A. G. ^[57] ; Chiavassa, A. ^{[4, 5]} ; Chinellato, J. A. ^[58] ; Chiosso, M. ^{[24, 4]} ; Chudoba, J. ^[43] ; Cilmo, M. ^{[19, 20]} ; Clark, P. D. J. ^[59] ; Clay, R. W. ^[35] ; Cocciolo, G. ^{[40, 41]} ; Colalillo, R. ^{[19, 20]} ; Coleman, A. ^[60] ; Collica, L. ^{[54, 55]} ; Colombo, E. ^{[14, 61]} ; Colonges, S. ^[62] ; Coluccia, M. R. ^{[40, 41]} ; Conceicao, R. ^{[2, 3]} ; Contreras, F. ^[31] ; Cooper, M. J. ^[35] ; Coppens, J. ^[21] ; Cordier, A. ^[8] ; Courty, B. ^[62] ; Coutu, S. ^[60] ; Covault, C. E. ^[63] ; Cronin, J. ^[64] ; Curutiu, A. ^[39] ; Dallier, R. ^{[65, 66]} ; Daniel, B. ^[58] ; Dasso, S. ^{[67, 68, 69]} ; Daumiller, K. ^[42] ; Dawson, B. R. ^[35] ; de Almeida, R. M. ^[70] ; De Domenico, M. ^[56] ; De Donato, C. ^{[54, 55]} ; de Jong, S. J. ^{[21, 71]} ; de Mello Neto, J. R. T. ^[44] ; De Mitri, I. ^{[40, 41]} ; de Oliveira, J. ^[70] ; de Souza, V. ^[72] ; de Vries, K. D. ^[73] ; del Peral, L. ^[74] ; Deligny, O. ^[7] ; Dembinski, H. ^[42] ; Dhital, N. ^[75] ; Di Giulio, C. ^{[46, 47]} ; Di Matteo, A. ^{[76, 77]} ; Diaz, J. C. ^[75] ; Diaz Castro, M. L. ^[58] ; Diogo, F. ^{[2, 3]} ; Dobrigkeit, C. ^[58] ; Docters, W. ^[73] ; D'Olivo, C. ^[16] ; Dolron, P. ^[21] ; Dorofeev, A. ^[48] ; Hasankiadeh, Q. Dorosti ^[42] ; Dova, M. T. ^{[67, 78]} ; D'Urso, D. ^{[19, 20]} ; Ebr, J. ^[43] ; Engel, R. ^[42] ; Epele, L. N. ^{[67, 78]} ; Erdmann, M. ^[79] ; Erfani, M. ^[1] ; Escobar, C. O. ^{[58, 6]} ; Espadanal, J. ^{[2, 3]} ; Etchegoyen, A. ^{[31, 15]} ; Facal San Luis, P. ^[64] ; Falcke, H. ^{[21, 71, 80]} ; Fang, K. ^[64] ; Farrar, G. ^[12] ; Fauth, A. C. ^[58] ; Fazzini, N. ^[6] ; Ferguson, A. P. ^[63] ; Fernandes, M. ^[44] ; Ferrero, A. ^{[14, 61]} ; Fick, B. ^[75] ; Figueira, J. M. ^[14] ; Filevich, A. ^[14] ; Filipcic, A. ^{[81, 82]} ; Fox, B. D. ^[83] ; Fraenkel, E. D. ^[73] ; Fratu, O. ^[33] ; Freire, M. M. ^{[84, 85]} ; Froehlich, U. ^[1] ; Fuchs, B. ^[34] ; Fulgione, W. ^{[4, 5]} ; Fujii, T. ^[64] ; Garcia, B. ^{[14, 61]} ; Garcia-Gamez, D. ^[8] ; Garcia-Pinto, D. ^[23] ; Garilli, G. ^[56] ; Gascon Bravo, A. ^{[51, 52]} ; Gate, F. ^[65] ; Geenen, H. ^[37] ; Gemmeke, H. ^[27] ; Genolini, B. ^[7] ; Ghia, P. L. ^{[4, 28, 29, 5]} ; Giaccari, U. ^[44] ; Giammarchi, M. ^{[54, 55]} ; Gibbs, K. ^[64] ; Giller, M. ^[86] ; Giudice, N. ^[56] ; Glaser, C. ^[79] ; Glass, H. ^[6] ; Gomez Berisso, M. ^{[10, 11]} ; Gomez Vitale, P. F. ^{[31, 32]} ; Goncalves, P. ^{[2, 3]} ; Gonzalez, J. G. ^[34] ; Gonzalez, N. ^[14] ; Gookin, B. ^[48] ; Gora, D. ^{[45, 34]} ; Gordon, J. ^[13] ; Gorgi, A. ^{[4, 5]} ; Gorham, P. ^[83] ; Gotink, W. ^[71] ; Gouffon, P. ^[9] ; Grebe, S. ^{[21, 71]} ; Griffith, N. ^[13] ; Grillo, A. F. ^[21] ; Grubb, T. D. ^[35] ; Grygar, J. ^[43] ; Guardone, N. ^[56] ; Guarino, F. ^{[19, 20]} ; Guedes, G. P. ^[87] ; Guglielmi, L. ^[62] ; Habraken, R. ^[21] ; Hampel, M. R. ^[14] ; Hansen, P. ^{[67, 78]} ; Harari, D. ^{[10, 11]} ; Harmsma, S. ^[73] ; Harrison, T. A. ^[35] ; Hartmann, S. ^[79] ; Harton, J. L. ^[48] ; Haungs, A. ^[42] ; Hebbeker, T. ^[79] ; Heck, D. ^[42] ; Heimann, P. ^[1] ; Herve, A. E. ^[42] ; Hill, G. C. ^[35] ; Hojvat, C. ^[6] ; Hollon, N. ^[64] ; Holt, E. ^[42] ; Homola, P. ^[37] ; Hoerandel, J. R. ^{[21, 71]} ; Horneffer, A. ^[21] ; Horvat, M. ^[81] ; Horvath, P. ^[88] ; Hrabovsky, M. ^{[43, 88]} ; Huber, D. ^[34] ; Hucker, H. ^[42] ; Huege, T. ^[42] ; Iarlori, M. ^{[76, 89, 77]} ; Insolia, A. ^[56] ; Isar, P. G. ^[90] ; Jandt, I. ^[37] ; Jansen, S. ^{[21, 71]} ; Jarne, C. ^{[67, 78]} ; Johnsen, J. A. ^[91] ; Josebachuili, M. ^[14] ; Kaeaepae, A. ^[37] ; Kambeitz, O. ^[34] ; Kampert, K. H. ^[37] ; Kasper, P. ^[6] ; Katkov, I. ^[34] ; Kegl, B. ^[8] ; Keilhauer, B. ^[42] ; Keivani, A. ^[60] ; Kelley, J. ^[21] ; Kemp, E. ^[58] ; Kieckhafer, R. M. ^[75] ; Klages, H. O. ^[42] ; Kleifges, M. ^[27] ; Kleinfeller, J. ^[31] ; Knapp, J. ^[59] ; Kopmann, A. ^[27] ; Krause, R. ^[79] ; Krohm, N. ^[37] ; Kroemer, O. ^[27] ; Kuempel, D. ^[79] ; Kunka, N. ^[27] ; LaHurd, D. ^[63] ; Latronico, L. ^{[4, 5]} ; Lauer, R. ^[92] ; Lauscher, M. ^[79] ; Lautridou, P. ^[65] ; Le Coz, S. ^[30] ; Leao, M. S. A. B. ^[93] ; Lebrun, D. ^[30] ; Lebrun, P. ^[6] ; Leigui de Oliveira, M. A. ^[94] ; Letessier-Selvon, A. ^{[28, 29]} ; Lhenry-Yvon, I. ^[7] ; Link, K. ^[34] ; Lopez, R. ^[95] ; Lopez Casado, A. ^[17] ; Louedec, K. ^[30] ; Lozano Bahilo, J. ^{[51, 52]} ; Lu, L. ^{[37, 59]} ; Lucero, A. ^[14] ; Ludwig, M. ^[34] ; Malacari, M. ^[35] ; Maldera, S. ^{[4, 5]} ; Mallamaci, M. ^{[54, 55]} ; Maller, J. ^[65] ; Mandat, D. ^[43] ; Mantsch, P. ^[6] ; Mariazzi, A. G. ^{[67, 78]} ; Marin, V. ^[65] ; Maris, I. C. ^{[51, 52]} ; Marsella, G. ^{[40, 41]} ; Martello, D. ^{[40, 41]} ; Martina, L. ^{[65, 66]} ; Martinez, H. ^[53] ; Martinez, N. ^{[67, 78, 96]} ; Martinez Bravo, O. ^[95] ; Martraire, D. ^[7] ; Masias Meza, J. J. ^{[67, 68]} ; Mathes, H. J. ^[42] ; Mathys, S. ^[37] ; Matthews, J. ^[97] ; Matthews, J. A. J. ^[92] ; Matthiae, G. ^{[46, 47]} ; Maurel, D. ^[34] ; Maurizio, D. ^[36] ; Mayotte, E. ^[91] ; Mazur, P. O. ^[6] ; Medina, C. ^[91] ; Medina-Tanco, G. ^[16] ; Meissner, R. ^[79] ; Melissas, M. ^[34] ; Mello, V. B. B. ^[44] ; Melo, D. ^[14] ; Menichetti, E. ^{[24, 4]} ; Menshikov, A. ^[27] ; Messina, S. ^[73] ; Meyhandan, R. ^[83] ; Micanovic, S. ^[98] ; Micheletti, M. I. ^{[84, 85]} ; Middendorf, L. ^[79] ; Minaya, I. A. ^[23] ; Miramonti, L. ^{[54, 55]} ; Mitrica, B. ^[49] ; Molina-Bueno, L. ^{[51, 52]} ; Mollerach, S. ^{[10, 11]} ; Monasor, M. ^[64] ; Montanet, F. ^[30] ; Morello, C. ^{[4, 5]} ; Mostafa, M. ^[60] ; Moura, C. A. ^[94] ; Muller, M. A. ^{[58, 99]} ; Mueller, G. ^[79] ; Mueller, S. ^[42] ; Muenchmeyer, M. ^{[28, 29]} ; Mussa, R. ^{[24, 4]} ; Navarra, G. ^{[4, 5]} ; Navas, S. ^{[51, 52]} ; Necesal, P. ^[43] ; Nellen, L. ^[16] ; Nelles, A. ^{[21, 71]} ; Neuser, J. ^[37] ; Nguyen, P. H. ^[35] ; Nicotra, D. ^[56] ; Niechciol, M. ^[1] ; Niemietz, L. ^[37] ; Niggemann, T. ^[79] ; Nitz, D. ^[75] ; Nosek, D. ^[100] ; Novotny, V. ^[100] ; Nozka, L. ^[88] ; Ochilo, L. ^[1] ; Ohnuki, T. ^[25] ; Oikonomou, F. ^[60] ; Olinto, A. ^[64] ; Oliveira, M. ^{[2, 3]} ; Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M. ^[17] ; Pacheco, N. ^[74] ; PakkSelmi-Dei, D. ^[58] ; Palatka, M. ^[43] ; Pallotta, J. ^{[67, 101]} ; Palmieri, N. ^[34] ; Papenbreer, P. ^[37] ; Parente, G. ^[17] ; Parra, A. ^[95] ; Patel, M. ^[59] ; Paul, T. ^[102] ; Pech, M. ^[43] ; Pekala, J. ^[45] ; Pelayo, R. ^[95] ; Pepe, I. M. ^[103] ; Perrone, L. ^{[40, 41]} ; Petermann, E. ^[104] ; Peters, C. ^[79] ; Petrera, S. ^{[76, 89, 77]} ; Petrinca, P. ^{[46, 47]} ; Petrov, Y. ^[48] ; Phuntsok, J. ^[60] ; Piegaia, R. ^{[67, 68]} ; Pierog, T. ^[42] ; Pieroni, P. ^{[67, 68]} ; Pimenta, M. ^{[2, 3]} ; Pirronello, V. ^[56] ; Platino, M. ^[14] ; Plum, M. ^[79] ; Porcelli, A. ^[42] ; Porowski, C. ^[45] ; Porter, T. ^[97] ; Pouryamout, J. ^[37] ; Pouthas, J. ^[7] ; Prado, R. R. ^[72] ; Privitera, P. ^[64] ; Prouza, M. ^[43] ; Pryke, C. L. ^[64] ; Purrello, V. ^{[10, 11]} ; Quel, E. J. ^{[67, 101]} ; Querchfeld, S. ^[37] ; Quinn, S. ^[63] ; Randriatoamanana, R. ^{[28, 29]} ; Rautenberg, J. ^[37] ; Ravel, O. ^[65] ; Ravignani, D. ^[14] ; Revenua, B. ^[65] ; Ridky, J. ^[43] ; Risse, M. ^[1] ; Ristori, P. ^{[67, 101]} ; Rizi, V. ^{[76, 77]} ; Robbins, S. ^[37] ; Roberts, M. ^[60] ; Rodrigues de Carvalho, W. ^[17] ; Rodriguez Fernandez, G. ^{[46, 47]} ; Rodriguez Rojo, J. ^[31] ; Rodriguez-Frias, M. D. ^[74] ; Rogozin, D. ^[42] ; Ros, G. ^[74] ; Rosado, J. ^[23] ; Rossler, T. ^[88] ; Roth, M. ^[42] ; Roulet, E. ^{[10, 11]} ; Rovero, A. C. ^[69] ; Saffi, S. J. ^[35] ; Saftoiu, A. ^[49] ; Salamida, F. ^[7] ; Salazar, H. ^[95] ; Saleh, A. ^[81] ; Salesa Greus, F. ^[60] ; Salina, G. ^{[46, 47]} ; Sanchez, F. ^[15] ; Sanchez-Lucas, P. ^{[51, 52]} ; Santo, C. E. ^{[2, 3]} ; Santos, E. ^[58] ; Santos, E. M. ^[9] ; Sarazin, F. ^[91] ; Sarkar, B. ^[37] ; Sarmento, R. ^{[2, 3]} ; Sato, R. ^[31] ; Scharf, N. ^[79] ; Scherini, V. ^{[40, 41]} ; Schieler, H. ^[42] ; Schiffer, P. ^[18] ; Schmidt, A. ^[27] ; Schmidt, D. ^[42] ; Scholten, O. ^[73] ; Schoorlemmer, H. ^{[21, 71, 83]} ; Schovanek, P. ^[43] ; Schreuder, F. ^[73] ; Schroeder, F. G. ^[42] ; Schulz, A. ^[42] ; Schulz, J. ^[21] ; Schuessler, F. ^[42] ; Schumacher, J. ^[79] ; Sciutto, S. J. ^{[67, 78]} ; Segreto, A. ^[105] ; Sequeiros, G. ^{[24, 4]} ; Settimo, M. ^{[28, 29]} ; Shadkam, A. ^[97] ; Shellard, R. C. ^[36] ; Sidelnik, I. ^{[10, 11]} ; Sigl, G. ^[18] ; Sima, O. ^[106] ; Smialkowski, A. ^[86] ; Smida, R. ^[42] ; Smith, A. G. K. ^[35] ; Snow, G. R. ^[104] ; Sommers, P. ^[60] ; Sorokin, J. ^[35] ; Speelman, R. ^[73] ; Spinka, H. ^[6] ; Squartini, R. ^[31] ; Srivastava, Y. N. ^[102] ; Stanic, S. ^[81] ; Stapleton, J. ^[13] ; Stasielak, J. ^[45] ; Stephan, M. ^[79] ; Stutz, A. ^[30] ; Suarez, F. ^[14] ; Suomijaervi, T. ^[7] ; Supanitsky, A. D. ^[69] ; Sutherland, M. S. ^[13] ; Sutter, M. ^[34] ; Swain, J. ^[102] ; Szadkowski, Z. ^[86] ; Szuba, M. ^[42] ; Taborda, O. A. ^{[10, 11]} ; Tapia, A. ^[14] ; Tcherniakhovski, D. ^[27] ; Tepe, A. ^[1] ; Theodoro, V. M. ^[58] ; Timmermans, C. ^{[21, 71]} ; Tkaczyk, W. ^[86] ; Todero Peixoto, C. J. ^[107] ; Toma, G. ^[49] ; Tomankova, L. ^[42] ; Tome, B. ^{[2, 3]} ; Tonachini, A. ^{[24, 4]} ; Torralba Elipe, G. ^[17] ; Torres Machado, D. ^[44] ; Travnicek, P. ^[43] ; Trovato, E. ^[56] ; Trung, T. N. ^[7] ; Tunnicliffe, V. ^[59] ; Tusi, E. ^{[46, 47]} ; Ulrich, R. ^[42] ; Unger, M. ^{[42, 12]} ; Urban, M. ^[79] ; Valdes Galicia, J. F. ^[16] ; Valino, I. ^[17] ; Valore, L. ^{[19, 20]} ; van Aar, G. ^[21] ; van Bodegom, P. ^[35] ; van den Berg, A. M. ^[73] ; van Velzen, S. ^[21] ; van Vliet, A. ^[18] ; Varela, E. ^[95] ; Vargas Cardenas, B. ^[16] ; Varnav, D. M. ^[73] ; Varner, G. ^[83] ; Vasquez, R. ^[44] ; Vazquez, J. R. ^[23] ; Vazquez, R. A. ^[17] ; Veberic, D. ^[42] ; Verkooijen, H. ^[71] ; Verzi, V. ^{[46, 47]} ; Vicha, J. ^[43] ; Videla, M. ^[14] ; Villasenor, L. ^[57] ; Vitali, G. ^{[46, 47]} ; Vlcek, B. ^[74] ; Vorenholt, H. ^[73] ; Vorobiov, S. ^[81] ; Voyvodic, L. ^[6] ; Wahlberg, H. ^{[67, 78]} ; Wainberg, O. ^{[14, 15]} ; Walker, P. ^[59] ; Walz, D. ^[79] ; Watson, A. A. ^[59] ; Weber, M. ^[27] ; Weidenhaupt, K. ^[79] ; Weindl, A. ^[42] ; Werner, F. ^[34] ; Westerhoff, S. ^[38] ; Widom, A. ^[102] ; Wiebusch, C. ^[37] ; Wiencke, L. ^[91] ; Wijnen, T. ^[21] ; Wilczynska, B. ^[45] ; Wilczynski, H. ^[45] ; Wild, N. ^[35] ; Winchen, T. ^[37] ; Wittkowski, D. ^[37] ; Woerner, G. ^[42] ; Wundheiler, B. ^[14] ; Wykes, S. ^[21] ; Yamamoto, T. ^[64] ; Yapici, T. ^[75] ; Yuan, G. ^[97] ; Yushkov, A. ^[1] ; Zamorano, B. ^{[51, 52]} ; Zas, E. ^[17] ; Zavrtanik, D. ^{[81, 82]} ; Zavrtanik, M. ^{[81, 82]} ; Zepeda, A. ^{[53, 108]} ; Zhou, J. ^[64] ; Zhu, Y. ^[27] ; Silva, M. Zimbres ^[58] ; Zimmermann, B. ^[27] ; Ziolkowski, M. ^[1] ; Zuccarello, F. ^[56]

Affiliation:Show less -

^[1] Univ Siegen, D-57068 Siegen - Germany

^[2] UL, Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas LIP, Oporto - Portugal

^[3] UL, IST, Oporto - Portugal

^[4] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin - Italy

^[5] Univ Turin, Osservatorio Astron Torino INAF, Turin - Italy

^[6] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL - USA

^[7] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPNO, Paris - France

^[8] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, LAL, Paris - France

^[9] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-01498 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[10] Ctr Atom Bariloche, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[11] Inst Balseiro San Carlos Bariloche, Rio Negro - Argentina

^[12] NYU, New York, NY - USA

^[13] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 - USA

^[14] UNSAM, CONICET, CNEA, Inst Tecnol Detecc & Astroparticulas, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[15] Univ Tecnol Nacl Fac Reg Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[16] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF - Mexico

^[17] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela - Spain

^[18] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg - Germany

^[19] Univ Naples Federico II, Naples - Italy

^[20] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Naples - Italy

^[21] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen - Netherlands

^[22] CUNY Herbert H Lehman Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY - USA

^[23] Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid - Spain

^[24] Univ Turin, Turin - Italy

^[25] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA - USA

^[26] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, Laquila - Italy

^[27] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Prozessdatenverarbeitung & Elekt, D-76021 Karlsruhe - Germany

^[28] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris - France

^[29] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris - France

^[30] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IN2P3, LPSC, Grenoble - France

^[31] Observ Pierre Auger, Malargue - Argentina

^[32] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Malargue - Argentina

^[33] Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Bucharest - Romania

^[34] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Expt Kernphys IKEP, D-76021 Karlsruhe - Germany

^[35] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA - Australia

^[36] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ - Brazil

^[37] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Wuppertal - Germany

^[38] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI - USA

^[39] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn - Germany

^[40] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis E De Giorgi, Lecce - Italy

^[41] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lecce - Italy

^[42] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe - Germany

^[43] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague - Czech Republic

^[44] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ - Brazil

^[45] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow - Poland

^[46] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, I-00173 Rome - Italy

^[47] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome - Italy

^[48] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 - USA

^[49] Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest - Romania

^[50] Colorado State Univ, Pueblo, CO - USA

^[51] Univ Granada, Granada - Spain

^[52] CAFPE, Granada - Spain

^[53] CINVESTAV, IPN, Mexico City 14000, DF - Mexico

^[54] Univ Milan, Milan - Italy

^[55] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Milan - Italy

^[56] Univ Catania, I-95124 Catania - Italy

^[57] Univ Michoacana, Morelia, Michoacan - Mexico

^[58] Univ Estadual Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[59] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire - England

^[60] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 - USA

^[61] Univ Tecnol Nacl Fac Reg Mendoza, CONICET, CNEA, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[62] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab AstroParticule & Cosmol, Paris - France

^[63] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 - USA

^[64] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 - USA

^[65] Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, SUBATECH, Ecole Mines Nantes, Nantes - France

^[66] Observ Paris, CNRS, INSU, Stn Radioastron Nancay, Paris - France

^[67] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, La Plata, Buenos Aires - Argentina

^[68] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, FCEyN, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[69] UBA, CONICET, IAFE, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[70] Univ Fed Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ - Brazil

^[71] Nikhef, Amsterdam - Netherlands

^[72] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[73] Univ Groningen, KVI Ctr Adv Radiat Technol, NL-9700 AB Groningen - Netherlands

^[74] Univ Alcala De Henares, Madrid - Spain

^[75] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 - USA

^[76] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Chim, I-67100 Laquila - Italy

^[77] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome - Italy

^[78] Univ Nacl La Plata, IFLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires - Argentina

^[79] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A 3, Aachen - Germany

^[80] ASTRON, Dwingeloo - Netherlands

^[81] Univ Nova Gorica, Lab Astroparticle Phys, Nova Gorica - Slovenia

^[82] J Stefan Inst, Expt Particle Phys Dept, Ljubljana - Slovenia

^[83] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 - USA

^[84] UNR, Fac Ciencias Bioquim & Farmaceut, Rosario, Santa Fe - Argentina

^[85] UNR, CONICET, IFR, Rosario, Santa Fe - Argentina

^[86] Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz - Poland

^[87] Univ Estadualde Feira Santana, Feira De Santana, BA - Brazil

^[88] Palacky Univ, RCPTM, CR-77147 Olomouc - Czech Republic

^[89] Gran Sasso Sci Inst INFN, Laquila - Italy

^[90] Inst Space Sci, Bucharest - Romania

^[91] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 - USA

^[92] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 - USA

^[93] Fac Independentedo Nordeste, Vitoria Da Conquista - Brazil

^[94] Univ Fed ABC, Santo Andre, SP - Brazil

^[95] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla - Mexico

^[96] Univ Autonoma Chiapas, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[97] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 - USA

^[98] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10000 - Croatia

^[99] Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, RS - Brazil

^[100] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Prague - Czech Republic

^[101] CITEDEF, Ctr Invest Laseres & Aplicac, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[102] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 - USA

^[103] Univ Fed Bahia, Salvador, BA - Brazil

^[104] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE - USA

^[105] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm Palermo INAF, Palermo - Italy

^[106] Univ Bucharest, Dept Phys, Bucharest - Romania

^[107] Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Engn Lorena, Lorena, SP - Brazil

^[108] Vrije Univ Brussels, Brussels - Belgium

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SP; v. 798, p. 172-213, OCT 21 2015.
• Web of Science Citations: 159

Abstract

The Pierre Auger Observatory, located on a vast, high plain in western Argentina, is the world's largest cosmic ray observatory. The objectives of the Observatory are to probe the origin and characteristics of cosmic rays above 10(17) eV and to study the interactions of these, the most energetic particles observed in nature. The Auger design features an array of 1660 water Cherenkov particle detector stations spread over 3000 km(2) overlooked by 24 air fluorescence telescopes. In addition, three high elevation fluorescence telescopes overlook a 23.5 km(2), 61-detector infilled array with 750 in spacing. The Observatory has been in successful operation since completion in 2008 and has recorded data from an exposure exceeding 40,000 km(2) sr yr. This paper describes the design and performance of the detectors, related subsystems and infrastructure that make up the Observatory. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 99/05404-3 - Pierre Auger Observatory
• Grantee: Carlos Ourivio Escobar
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 10/07359-6 - Study of cosmic rays of highest energies with the Pierre Auger Observatory
• Grantee: Carola Dobrigkeit Chinellato
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants