Assessment of anthropogenic contamination with sterol markers in surface sediments of a tropical estuary (Itajai-Acu, Brazil)

Author(s)

Frena, Morgana ^[1] ; Bataglion, Giovana A. ^[2] ; Tonietto, Alessandra E. ^[3] ; Eberlin, Marcos N. ^[2] ; Alexandre, Marcelo R. ^[4] ; Madureira, Luiz A. S. ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Quim, Campus Univ Trindade, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC - Brazil

^[2] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Quim, Lab ThoMSon Espectrometria Massas, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Bot, Rodovia Washington Luis Km 235, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[4] Univ Fed Sergipe, Dept Quim, BR-49100000 Sao Cristovao, Sergipe SE - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Science of The Total Environment; v. 544, p. 432-438, FEB 15 2016.
• Web of Science Citations: 13

Abstract

The Itajai-Acu estuarine region is one of the most important estuarine systems of south Brazil, due to the location of the Itajai Harbor, which is the major route of international trading of the state and the largest national fishing pole landing. In addition, industries as well as urban and tourism activities are potential sources of pollution in this area. In the present study, sediment samples from 12 stations along the estuarine system were collected and extracted followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis. Eight sterols were identified and quantified, indicating natural and anthropogenic sources. Coprostanol concentrations ranged from <4 up to 8930 ng g(-1) of dry weight sediment with higher values being observed in the area next to the Itajai Harbor and under influence of Itajai-Mirim River flow, which receives wastewater from several cities. Concentrations and selected sterol ratios were useful tools used to distinguish anthropogenic and biogenic organic matter (OM) sources in the studied area, where coprostanol concentrations higher than 500 ng g(-1) were observed in 42% of the stations analyzed, indicating strong sewage contamination. Factor analysis with principal component analysis (FA/PCA) has distinguished two different groups of samples, with high and low total sterol concentrations. FA/PCA results revealed that the stations located in the estuary were separated by PC1 because they are clearly contaminated by sewage, also pointed by coprostanol/(coprostanol + cholestanol) and coprostanol/cholesterol ratios and by the higher concentrations of fecal sterols. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/21395-0 - Molecular characterization of sedimentary organic matter in the Estuary-Lagoon System Cananéia-Iguape by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
• Grantee: Giovana Anceski Bataglion
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate