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(Reference retrieved automatically from Web of Science through information on FAPESP grant and its corresponding number as mentioned in the publication by the authors.)

A DARK ENERGY CAMERA SEARCH FOR MISSING SUPERGIANTS IN THE LMC AFTER THE ADVANCED LIGO GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE EVENT GW150914

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Author(s):
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Annis, J. [1] ; Soares-Santos, M. [1] ; Berger, E. [2] ; Brout, D. [3] ; Chen, H. [4] ; Chornock, R. [5] ; Cowperthwaite, P. S. [2] ; Diehl, H. T. [1] ; Doctor, Z. [4] ; Drlica-Wagner, A. [1] ; Drout, M. R. [2] ; Farr, B. [4] ; Finley, D. A. [1] ; Flaugher, B. [1] ; Foley, R. J. [6, 7] ; Frieman, J. [4, 1] ; Gruendl, R. A. [7, 8] ; Herner, K. [1] ; Holz, D. [4] ; Kessler, R. [4] ; Lin, H. [1] ; Marriner, J. [1] ; Neilsen, E. [1] ; Rest, A. [9] ; Sako, M. [3] ; Smith, M. [10] ; Smith, N. [11] ; Sobreira, F. [12] ; Walker, A. R. [13] ; Yanny, B. [1] ; Abbott, T. M. C. [13] ; Abdalla, F. B. [14, 15] ; Allam, S. [1] ; Benoit-Levy, A. [16, 14, 17] ; Bernstein, R. A. [18] ; Bertin, E. [16, 17] ; Buckley-Geer, E. [1] ; Burke, D. L. [19, 20] ; Capozzi, D. [21] ; Carnero Rosell, A. [22, 23] ; Kind, M. Carrasco [7, 8] ; Carretero, J. [24, 25] ; Castander, F. J. [24] ; Cenko, S. B. [26, 27] ; Crocce, M. [24] ; Cunha, C. E. [20] ; D'Andrea, C. B. [10, 21] ; da Costa, L. N. [22, 23] ; Desai, S. [28, 29] ; Dietrich, J. P. [28, 29] ; Eifler, T. F. [3, 30] ; Evrard, A. E. [31, 32] ; Fernandez, E. [25] ; Fischer, J. [3] ; Fong, W. [11] ; Fosalba, P. [24] ; Fox, D. B. [33, 34, 35] ; Fryer, C. L. [36] ; Garcia-Bellido, J. [37] ; Gaztanaga, E. [24] ; Gerdes, D. W. [31] ; Goldstein, D. A. [38, 39] ; Gruen, D. [19, 20] ; Gutierrez, G. [1] ; Honscheid, K. [40, 41] ; James, D. J. [13] ; Karliner, I. [6] ; Kasen, D. [42, 38, 43] ; Kent, S. [1] ; Kuehn, K. [44] ; Kuropatkin, N. [1] ; Lahav, O. [14] ; Li, T. S. [45, 46] ; Lima, M. [22, 47] ; Maia, M. A. G. [22, 23] ; Martini, P. [40, 48] ; Metzger, B. D. [49] ; Miller, C. J. [31, 32] ; Miquel, R. [50, 25] ; Mohr, J. J. [28, 29, 51] ; Nichol, R. C. [21] ; Nord, B. [1] ; Ogando, R. [22, 23] ; Peoples, J. [1] ; Petravic, D. [8] ; Plazas, A. A. [30] ; Quataert, E. [52, 43] ; Romer, A. K. [53] ; Roodman, A. [19, 20] ; Rykoff, E. S. [19, 20] ; Sanchez, E. [37] ; Santiago, B. [54, 22] ; Scarpine, V. [1] ; Schindler, R. [19] ; Schubnell, M. [31] ; Sevilla-Noarbe, I. [37, 7] ; Sheldon, E. [55] ; Smith, R. C. [13] ; Stebbins, A. [1] ; Swanson, M. E. C. [8] ; Tarle, G. [31] ; Thaler, J. [6] ; Thomas, R. C. [38] ; Tucker, D. L. [1] ; Vikram, V. [56] ; Wechsler, R. H. [19, 20, 57] ; Weller, J. [28, 51, 58] ; Wester, W. [1] ; Collaboration, DES
Total Authors: 109
Affiliation:
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[1] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 - USA
[2] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 - USA
[3] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 - USA
[4] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 - USA
[5] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Astrophys, 251B Clippinger Lab, Athens, OH 45701 - USA
[6] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 - USA
[7] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 - USA
[8] Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Urbana, IL 61801 - USA
[9] STScI, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 - USA
[10] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants - England
[11] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 - USA
[12] Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, Rua Dr Bento T Ferraz 271, BR-01140070 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil
[13] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena - Chile
[14] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT - England
[15] Rhodes Univ, Dept Phys & Elect, POB 94, ZA-6140 Grahamstown - South Africa
[16] CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris - France
[17] Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris 04, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris - France
[18] Carnegie Observ, 813 Santa Barbara St, Pasadena, CA 91101 - USA
[19] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 - USA
[20] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, POB 2450, Stanford, CA 94305 - USA
[21] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants - England
[22] Lab Interinst & Astron LIneA, Rua Gal Jose Cristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
[23] Observ Nacl, Rua Gal Jose Cristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
[24] IEEC CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Campus UAB, Carrer Can Magrans S-N, E-08193 Barcelona - Spain
[25] Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, IFAE, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona - Spain
[26] Univ Maryland, Joint Space Sci Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 - USA
[27] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Mail Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 - USA
[28] Excellence Cluster Universe, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching - Germany
[29] Univ Munich, Fac Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich - Germany
[30] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 - USA
[31] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 - USA
[32] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 - USA
[33] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 - USA
[34] Penn State Univ, Ctr Particle & Gravitat Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 - USA
[35] Penn State Univ, Ctr Theoret & Observat Cosmol, University Pk, PA 16802 - USA
[36] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 - USA
[37] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid - Spain
[38] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 - USA
[39] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 - USA
[40] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 - USA
[41] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 - USA
[42] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 - USA
[43] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 - USA
[44] Australian Astron Observ, N Ryde, NSW 2113 - Australia
[45] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 - USA
[46] Texas A&M Univ, George P & Cynthia Woods Mitchell Inst Fundamenta, College Stn, TX 77843 - USA
[47] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Dept Fis Matemat, CP 66318, BR-05314970 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil
[48] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 174 W 18Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 - USA
[49] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, Pupin Hall, New York, NY 10027 - USA
[50] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, E-08010 Barcelona - Spain
[51] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching - Germany
[52] Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Astrophys Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 - USA
[53] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Pevensey Bldg, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex - England
[54] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, Caixa Postal 15051, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
[55] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 - USA
[56] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 - USA
[57] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 - USA
[58] Univ Munich, Fak Phys, Univ Sternwarte, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich - Germany
Total Affiliations: 58
Document type: Journal article
Source: Astrophysical Journal Letters; v. 823, n. 2 JUN 1 2016.
Web of Science Citations: 10
Abstract

The collapse of a stellar core is expected to produce gravitational waves (GWs), neutrinos, and in most cases a luminous supernova. Sometimes, however, the optical event could be significantly less luminous than a supernova and a direct collapse to a black hole, where the star just disappears, is possible. The GW event GW150914 was detected by the LIGO Virgo Collaboration via a burst analysis that gave localization contours enclosing the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Shortly thereafter, we used DECam to observe 102 deg(2) of the localization area, including 38 deg(2) on the LMC for a missing supergiant search. We construct a complete catalog of LMC luminous red supergiants, the best candidates to undergo invisible core collapse, and collected catalogs of other candidates: less luminous red supergiants, yellow supergiants, blue supergiants, luminous blue variable stars, and Wolf-Rayet stars. Of the objects in the imaging region, all are recovered in the images. The timescale for stellar disappearance is set by the free-fall time, which is a function of the stellar radius. Our observations at 4 and 13 days after the event result in a search sensitive to objects of up to about 200 solar radii. We conclude that it is unlikely that GW150914 was caused by the core collapse of a relatively compact supergiant in the LMC, consistent with the LIGO Collaboration analyses of the gravitational waveform as best interpreted as a high mass binary black hole merger. We discuss how to generalize this search for future very nearby core-collapse candidates. (AU)

FAPESP's process: 15/12338-1 - The Dark Energy Survey project: Exploring the Universe
Grantee:Flavia Sobreira
Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral