White adipose tissue cells and the progression of cachexia: inflammatory pathways

Author(s)

Neves, Rodrigo X. ^[1] ; Rosa-Neto, Jose Cesar ^[2] ; Yamashita, Alex S. ^[3] ; Matos-Neto, Emidio M. ^[1] ; Riccardi, Daniela M. R. ^[1] ; Lira, Fabio S. ^[4] ; Batista, Jr., Miguel L. ^[5] ; Seelaender, Marilia ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Canc Metab Res Grp, Inst Biomed Sci, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Immunometab Res Grp, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[4] Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Phys Educ, UNESP, Presidente Prudente - Brazil

^[5] Univ Mogi das Cruzes, Ctr Integrated Biotechnol, Lab Adipose Tissue Biol, Mogi Das Cruzes - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE; v. 7, n. 2, p. 193-203, MAY 2016.
• Web of Science Citations: 17

Abstract

Background Cachexia is a systemic syndrome leading to body wasting, systemic inflammation, and to metabolic chaos. It is a progressive condition, and little is known about its dynamics. Detection of the early signs of the disease may lead to the attenuation of the associated symptoms. The white adipose tissue is an organ with endocrine functions, capable of synthesising and secreting a plethora of proteins, including cytokines, chemokines, and adipokines. It is well established that different adipose tissue depots demonstrate heterogeneous responses to physiological and pathological stimuli. The present study aimed at providing insight into adipocyte involvement in inflammation along the progression of cachexia. Methods Eight-weeks-old male rats were subcutaneously inoculated with a Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 10(7) cells in 1.0 mL; tumour-bearing, T) or Phosphate-buffered saline (control, C). The retroperitoneal, epididymal, and mesenteric adipose pads were excised on Days 0, 7, and 14 post-tumour cell injection, and the adipocytes were isolated. Results Mesenteric and epididymal adipocytes showed up-regulation of IL-1 beta protein expression and activation of the inflammasome pathway, contributing for whole tissue inflammation. The stromal vascular fraction of the retroperitoneal adipose tissue, on the other hand, seems to be the major contributor for the inflammation in this specific pad. Conclusion Adipocytes seem to play a relevant role in the establishment of white adipose tissue inflammation, through the activation of the NF-kappa B and inflammasome pathways. In epididymal adipocytes, induction of the inflammasome may be detected already on Day 7 post-tumour cell inoculation. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/50079-0 - Systemic inflammation in cachectic cancer patients: mechanisms and therapeutical strategies, a translational medicine approach
• Grantee: Marilia Cerqueira Leite Seelaender
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants