HIV infection: focus on the innate immune cells

Author(s)

Espindola, Milena S. ; Soares, Luana S. ; Galvao-Lima, Leonardo J. ; Zambuzi, Fabiana A. ; Cacemiro, Maira C. ; Brauer, Vernica S. ; Frantz, Fabiani G.

• Document type: Review article
• Source: IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH; v. 64, n. 5-6, p. 1118-1132, DEC 2016.
• Web of Science Citations: 6

Abstract

Innate immune cells play a critical role during the onset of HIV infection and remain active until the final events that characterize AIDS. The viral impact on innate immune cell response may be a result of direct infection or indirect modulation, and each cell type responds in a specific manner to HIV. During HIV infection, the immune system works in a dynamic way, where innate and adaptive cells contribute with each other stimulating their function and modulating phenotypes and consequently infection resolution. Understanding the alterations in the cell populations induced by the virus is pivotal and can help to combat HIV at the time of infection and above all, to prevent the establishment of viral reservoirs. In this review, we will describe the frequency and the subtypes of infected cells such as of monocytes, DCs, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells/basophils, NK cells, NKT cells and gamma delta T cells, and we discuss the possibility of cell-targeting strategies. Our aim is to consolidate the existing knowledge of the interaction between HIV and cells that constitute the innate immune response. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 11/24026-3 - Characterization of natural killer cells from HIV+ patients and the study of epigenetic changes related to their function and phenotype
• Grantee: Luana Silva Soares
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 11/12199-0 - Elucidation of innate immune response dysfunction of HIV patients: the underlying mechanisms amongst immunological and epigenetic modifications
• Grantee: Fabiani Gai Frantz
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants
• FAPESP's process: 12/02799-3 - Functional changes of macrophages activated in M1 and M2 patterns derived from HIV-1+ patients in response to fungal and bacterial stimuli
• Grantee: Leonardo Judson Galvão de Lima
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 11/12512-0 - Evaluation of epigenetic and immune alterations of macrophages from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Grantee: Milena Sobral Espíndola
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate