Calibration of the logarithmic-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) radio stations at the Pierre Auger Observatory using an octocopter

Author(s):Show less -

Aab, A. ^{[1, 2]} ; Abreu, P. ^{[3, 4]} ; Aglietta, M. ^{[5, 6]} ; Al Samarai, I. ^[7] ; Albuquerque, I. F. M. ^[8] ; Allekotte, I. ^{[9, 10]} ; Almela, A. ^{[11, 12]} ; Castillo, J. Alvarez ^[13] ; Alvarez-Muiniz, J. ^[13] ; Anastasi, G. A. ^[14] ; Anchordoqui, L. ^[15] ; Andrada, B. ^[11] ; Andringa, S. ^{[3, 4]} ; Aramo, C. ^[16] ; Arqueros, F. ^[17] ; Arsene, N. ^[18] ; Asorey, H. ^{[19, 9, 10]} ; Assis, P. ^{[3, 4]} ; Avila, G. ^{[20, 21]} ; Badescu, A. M. ^[22] ; Balaceanu, A. ^[23] ; Barbato, F. ^[24] ; Luz, R. J. Barreira ^{[3, 4]} ; Beatty, J. J. ^[25] ; Becker, K. H. ^[26] ; Bellido, J. A. ^[27] ; Berat, C. ^[28] ; Bertaina, M. E. ^{[29, 5]} ; Bertou, X. ^{[9, 10]} ; Biermann, P. L. ^[30] ; Billoir, P. ^[7] ; Biteau, J. ^[31] ; Blaess, S. G. ^[27] ; Blanco, A. ^{[3, 4]} ; Blazek, J. ^[32] ; Bleve, C. ^{[33, 34]} ; Bohacova, M. ^[32] ; Boncioli, D. ^{[35, 36]} ; Bonifazi, D. C. ^[37] ; Borodai, N. ^[38] ; Botti, A. M. ^{[11, 39]} ; Brack, J. ^[40] ; Brancus, I. ^[23] ; Bretz, T. ^{[41, 2]} ; Bridgeman, A. ^[39] ; Briechle, F. L. ^{[41, 2]} ; Buchholz, P. ^[42] ; Bueno, A. ^{[43, 44]} ; Buitink, S. ^[1] ; Buscemi, M. ^{[45, 46]} ; Caballero-Mora, K. S. ^[47] ; Caccianiga, L. ^[48] ; Cancio, A. ^{[11, 12]} ; Canfora, F. ^[1] ; Caramete, L. ^[18] ; Caruso, R. ^{[45, 46]} ; Castellina, A. ^{[5, 6]} ; Cataldi, G. ^[33] ; Cazon, L. ^{[3, 4]} ; Chavez, A. G. ^[49] ; Chinellato, J. A. ^[50] ; Chudoba, J. ^[32] ; Clay, R. W. ^[27] ; Cobos, A. ^[11] ; Colalillo, R. ^{[16, 24]} ; Coleman, A. ^[51] ; Collica, L. ^[5] ; Coluccia, M. R. ^{[33, 34]} ; Conceicao, R. ^{[3, 4]} ; Consolati, G. ^[48] ; Contreras, F. ^{[20, 21]} ; Cooper, M. J. ^[27] ; Coutu, S. ^[51] ; Covault, C. E. ^[52] ; Cronin, J. ^[53] ; D'Amico, S. ^{[33, 54]} ; Daniel, B. ^[50] ; Dasso, S. ^{[55, 56, 57]} ; Daumiller, K. ^[39] ; Dawson, B. R. ^[27] ; de Almeida, M. ^[58] ; de Jong, S. J. ^{[59, 1]} ; De Mauro, G. ^[1] ; Neto, J. R. T. de Mello ^[37] ; De Mitri, I. ^{[33, 34]} ; de Oliveira, J. ^[58] ; de Souza, V. ^[60] ; Debatin, J. ^[39] ; Deligny, O. ^[31] ; Di Giulio, C. ^{[61, 62]} ; Di Matteo, A. ^{[63, 64]} ; Castro, M. L. Diaz ^[50] ; Diogo, F. ^{[3, 4]} ; Dobrigkeit, C. ^[50] ; D'Olivo, J. C. ^[13] ; Dorosti, Q. ^[42] ; dos Anjos, R. C. ^[65] ; Dova, M. T. ^{[66, 67]} ; Dundovic, A. ; Ebr, J. ^[32] ; Engel, R. ^[39] ; Erdmann, M. ^{[41, 2]} ; Erfani, M. ^[42] ; Escobar, C. O. ^[68] ; Espadanal, J. ^{[3, 4]} ; Etchegoyen, A. ^{[11, 12]} ; Farrar, G. ^[69] ; Fauth, A. C. ^[50] ; Fazzini, N. ^[68] ; Fenu, F. ^[29] ; Fick, B. ^[70] ; Figueira, J. M. ^[11] ; Filipcic, A. ^{[71, 72]} ; Fratu, O. ^[22] ; Freire, M. M. ^{[73, 74]} ; Fujii, T. ^[53] ; Fuster, A. ^{[11, 12]} ; Gaior, R. ^[7] ; Garcia, B. ^{[75, 76]} ; Garcia-Pinto, D. ^[17] ; Gate, F. ^[77] ; Gemmeke, H. ^[78] ; Gherghel-Lascu, A. ^[23] ; Ghia, P. L. ^[31] ; Giaccari, U. ^[37] ; Giammarchi, M. ^[79] ; Giller, M. ^[80] ; Glas, D. ^[81] ; Glaser, C. ^{[41, 2]} ; Golup, G. ^{[9, 10]} ; Berisso, M. Gomez ^{[9, 10]} ; Vitale, P. F. Gomez ^{[20, 21]} ; Gonzalez, N. ^{[11, 39]} ; Gorgi, A. ^{[5, 6]} ; Gorham, P. ^[82] ; Grillo, A. F. ^[35] ; Grubb, T. D. ^[27] ; Guarino, F. ^{[62, 24]} ; Guedes, G. P. ^[83] ; Hampel, M. R. ^[11] ; Hansen, P. ^{[66, 67]} ; Harari, D. ^{[9, 10]} ; Harrison, T. A. ^[27] ; Harton, J. L. ^[40] ; Haungs, A. ^[39] ; Hebbeker, T. ^{[41, 2]} ; Heck, D. ^[39] ; Heimann, P. ^[42] ; Herve, A. E. ^[84] ; Hill, G. C. ^[27] ; Hojvat, C. ^[68] ; Holt, E. ^{[11, 39]} ; Homola, P. ^[38] ; Horandel, J. R. ^{[59, 1]} ; Horvath, P. ^[85] ; Hrabovsky, M. ^[85] ; Huege, T. ^[39] ; Hulsman, J. ^{[11, 39]} ; Insolia, A. ^{[45, 46]} ; Isar, P. G. ^[18] ; Jandt, I. ^[26] ; Jansen, S. ^{[59, 1]} ; Johnsen, J. A. ^[86] ; Josebachuili, M. ^[11] ; Kaeaepae, A. ^[26] ; Kambeitz, O. ^[84] ; Kampert, K. H. ^[26] ; Katkov, I. ^[84] ; Keilhauer, B. ^[39] ; Kemmerich, N. ^[8] ; Kemp, E. ^[50] ; Kemp, J. ^{[41, 2]} ; Kieckhafer, R. M. ^[70] ; Klages, H. O. ^[39] ; Kleifges, M. ^[78] ; Kleinfeller, J. ^[20] ; Krause, R. ^{[41, 2]} ; Krohm, N. ^[26] ; Kuempel, D. ^{[41, 2]} ; Mezek, G. Kukec ^[72] ; Kunka, N. ^[78] ; Awad, A. Kuotb ^[39] ; LaHurd, D. ^[52] ; Lauscher, M. ^{[41, 2]} ; Legumina, R. ^[80] ; Leigui de Oliveira, M. A. ^[87] ; Letessier-Selvon, A. ^[7] ; Lhenry-Yvon, I. ^[31] ; Link, K. ^[84] ; Lo Presti, D. ^[46] ; Lopes, L. ^{[3, 4]} ; Lopez, R. ^[88] ; Lopez Casado, A. ^[89] ; Luce, Q. ^[31] ; Lucero, A. ^{[11, 12]} ; Malacari, M. ^[53] ; Mallamaci, M. ^{[48, 79]} ; Mandat, D. ^[32] ; Mantsch, P. ^[68] ; Mariazzi, A. G. ^{[66, 67]} ; Maris, I. C. ^{[43, 44]} ; Marsella, G. ^{[33, 34]} ; Martello, D. ^{[35, 33]} ; Martinez, H. ^[90] ; Martinez Bravo, O. ^[88] ; Masias Meza, J. J. ^{[55, 57]} ; Mathes, H. J. ^[39] ; Mathys, S. ^[26] ; Matthews, J. ^[91] ; Matthews, J. A. J. ^[92] ; Matthiae, G. ^{[61, 62]} ; Mayotte, E. ^[26] ; Mazur, P. O. ^[68] ; Medina, C. ^[86] ; Medina-Tanco, G. ^[13] ; Melo, D. ^[11] ; Menshikov, A. ^[78] ; Merenda, K. -D. ^[86] ; Micheletti, M. I. ^{[73, 74]} ; Middendorf, L. ^{[41, 2]} ; Minaya, I. A. ^[17] ; Miramonti, L. ^{[48, 79]} ; Mitrica, B. ^[23] ; Mockler, D. ^[84] ; Mollerach, S. ^{[9, 10]} ; Montanet, F. ^[28] ; Morello, C. ^{[5, 6]} ; Mostafa, M. ^[51] ; Mueller, A. L. ^{[11, 39]} ; Mueller, G. ^{[41, 2]} ; Muller, M. A. ^{[93, 50]} ; Mueller, S. ^{[11, 39]} ; Mussa, R. ^[5] ; Naranjo, I. ^{[9, 10]} ; Nellen, L. ^[13] ; Nguyen, P. H. ^[27] ; Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. ^[23] ; Niechciol, M. ^[42] ; Niemietz, L. ^[26] ; Niggemann, T. ^{[41, 2]} ; Nitz, D. ^[70] ; Nosek, D. ^[94] ; Novotny, V. ^[94] ; Nozka, H. ^[85] ; Nunez, L. A. ^[19] ; Ochilo, L. ^[42] ; Oikonomou, F. ^[51] ; Olinto, A. ^[53] ; Palatka, M. ^[32] ; Pallotta, J. ^{[95, 96]} ; Papenbreer, P. ^[26] ; Parente, G. ^[89] ; Parra, A. ^[88] ; Paul, T. ^{[97, 15]} ; Pech, M. ^[32] ; Pedreira, F. ^[89] ; Pekala, J. ^[38] ; Pelayo, R. ^[98] ; Pena-Rodriguez, J. ^[19] ; Pereira, L. A. S. ^[50] ; Perlin, M. ^[11] ; Perrone, L. ^{[33, 34]} ; Peters, C. ^{[41, 2]} ; Petrera, S. ^{[14, 63, 64]} ; Phuntsok, J. ^[51] ; Piegaia, R. ^{[55, 57]} ; Pierog, T. ^[39] ; Pieroni, P. ^{[55, 57]} ; Pimenta, M. ^{[3, 4]} ; Pirronello, V. ^{[45, 46]} ; Platino, M. ^[11] ; Plum, M. ^{[41, 2]} ; Porowski, C. ^[38] ; Prado, R. R. ^[60] ; Privitera, P. ^[53] ; Prouza, M. ^[32] ; Quel, E. J. ^{[95, 96]} ; Querchfeld, S. ^[26] ; Quinn, S. ^[52] ; Ramos-Pollan, R. ^[19] ; Rautenberg, J. ^[26] ; Ravignani, D. ^[11] ; Revenu, B. ^[77] ; Ridky, J. ^[32] ; Risse, M. ^[42] ; Ristori, P. ^{[95, 96]} ; Rizi, V. ^{[63, 64]} ; de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues ^[8] ; Fernandez, G. Rodriguez ^{[61, 62]} ; Rojo, J. Rodriguez ^[20] ; Rogozin, D. ^[39] ; Roncoroni, M. J. ^[11] ; Roth, M. ^[39] ; Roulet, E. ^{[9, 10]} ; Rovero, A. C. ^[56] ; Ruehl, P. ^[42] ; Saffi, S. J. ^[27] ; Saftoiu, A. ^[23] ; Salamida, F. ^{[63, 64]} ; Salazar, H. ^[88] ; Saleh, A. ^[72] ; Greus, F. Salesa ^[51] ; Salina, G. ^[61] ; Sanchez, F. ^[11] ; Sanchez-Lucas, P. ^{[43, 44]} ; Santos, E. M. ^[8] ; Santos, E. ^[11] ; Sarazin, F. ^[86] ; Sarmento, R. ^{[3, 4]} ; Sarmiento, C. A. ^[11] ; Sato, R. ^[20] ; Schauer, M. ^[26] ; Scherini, V. ^[33] ; Schieler, H. ^[39] ; Schimp, M. ^[26] ; Schmidt, D. ^{[11, 39]} ; Scholten, O. ^{[99, 100]} ; Schovanek, P. ^[32] ; Schroder, F. G. ^[39] ; Schulz, A. ^[84] ; Schumacher, J. ^{[41, 2]} ; Sciutto, S. J. ^{[66, 67]} ; Segreto, A. ^{[45, 101]} ; Settimo, M. ^[7] ; Shadkam, A. ^[91] ; Shellard, R. C. ^[102] ; Sigl, G. ; Silli, G. ^{[11, 39]} ; Sima, O. ^[103] ; Smialkowski, A. ^[80] ; Smida, R. ^[39] ; Snow, G. R. ^[104] ; Sommers, P. ^[51] ; Sonntag, S. ^[42] ; Sorokin, J. ^[27] ; Squartini, R. ^[20] ; Stanca, D. ^[23] ; Stanic, S. ^[72] ; Stasielak, J. ^[38] ; Stassi, P. ^[28] ; Strafella, F. ^{[33, 34]} ; Suarez, F. ^{[11, 12]} ; Duran, M. Suarez ^[19] ; Sudholz, T. ^[27] ; Suomijarvi, T. ^[31] ; Supanitsky, A. D. ^[56] ; Swain, J. ^[97] ; Szadkowski, Z. ^[81] ; Taboada, A. ^[84] ; Taborda, O. A. ^{[9, 10]} ; Tapia, A. ^[11] ; Theodoro, V. M. ^[50] ; Timmermans, C. ^{[59, 1]} ; Peixoto, C. J. Todero ^[105] ; Tomankova, L. ^[39] ; Tome, B. ^{[3, 4]} ; Elipe, G. Torralba ^[89] ; Travnicek, P. ^[32] ; Trini, M. ^[72] ; Ulrich, R. ^[39] ; Unger, M. ^[39] ; Urban, M. ^{[41, 2]} ; Galicia, J. F. Valdes ^[13] ; Valino, I. ^[89] ; Valore, L. ^{[16, 24]} ; van Aar, G. ^[1] ; van Bodegom, P. ^[27] ; van den Berg, M. ^[100] ; van Vliet, A. ^[1] ; Varela, E. ^[88] ; Cardenas, B. Vargas ^[13] ; Varner, G. ^[82] ; Vazquez, R. A. ^[89] ; Veberic, D. ^[39] ; Quispe, I. D. Vergara ^{[66, 67]} ; Verzi, V. ^[61] ; Vicha, J. ^[32] ; Villasenor, L. ^[49] ; Vorobiov, S. ^[72] ; Wahlberg, H. ^{[66, 67]} ; Wainberg, O. ^{[11, 12]} ; Walz, D. ^{[41, 2]} ; Watson, A. A. ^[106] ; Weber, M. ^[78] ; Weindl, A. ^[39] ; Wiencke, L. ^[86] ; Wilczynski, H. ^[38] ; Winchen, T. ^[26] ; Wirtz, M. ^{[41, 2]} ; Wittkowski, D. ^[26] ; Wundheiler, B. ^[11] ; Yang, L. ^[72] ; Yelos, D. ^{[11, 12]} ; Yushkov, A. ^[11] ; Zas, E. ^[89] ; Zavrtanik, D. ^{[71, 72]} ; Zavrtanik, M. ^{[71, 72]} ; Zepeda, A. ^[90] ; Zimmermann, B. ^[78] ; Ziolkowski, M. ^[42] ; Zong, Z. ^[31] ; Zuccarello, F. ^{[45, 46]} ; Collaboration, Pierre Auger

Affiliation:Show less -

^[1] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Math Astrophys & Particle Phys, Nijmegen - Netherlands

^[2] Univ Hamburg, Phys Inst A 3, Hamburg - Germany

^[3] Univ Lisbon, IST, Lisbon - Portugal

^[4] Univ Lisbon, Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas, LIP, Lisbon - Portugal

^[5] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, Turin - Italy

^[6] INAF, Osserv Astrofis Torino, Turin - Italy

^[7] Univ Paris 6 & Paris 7, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris - France

^[8] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[9] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Atom Bariloche, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[10] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Balseiro, CNEA, UNCuyo, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[11] UNSAM, CONICET, CNEA, Ctr Atom Constituyentes, Inst Tecnol Detecc & Astr, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[12] Univ Tecnolog Nacl, Fac Reg Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[13] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City, DF - Mexico

^[14] Gran Sasso Sci Inst INFN, Laquila - Italy

^[15] CUNY, Lehman Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY - USA

^[16] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, Naples - Italy

^[17] Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid - Spain

^[18] Inst Space Sci, Magurele - Romania

^[19] Univ Ind Santander, Bucaramanga - Colombia

^[20] Observ Pierre Auger, Malargue - Argentina

^[21] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[22] Univ Politeh Bucharest, Bucharest - Romania

^[23] Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Magurele - Romania

^[24] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Fis Ettore Pancini, Naples - Italy

^[25] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 - USA

^[26] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Wuppertal - Germany

^[27] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA - Australia

^[28] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IN2P3, LPSC, Grenoble - France

^[29] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis, Turin - Italy

^[30] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Bonn - Germany

^[31] Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, IN2P3, IPNO, St Aubin - France

^[32] Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys FZU, Prague - Czech Republic

^[33] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce, Lecce - Italy

^[34] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Matemat Fis E De Giorgi, Lecce - Italy

^[35] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, Laquila - Italy

^[36] Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron DESY, Zeuthen - Germany

^[37] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro - Brazil

^[38] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow - Poland

^[39] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Kernphys IKP, Karlsruhe - Germany

^[40] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 - USA

^[41] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A 3, Aachen - Germany

^[42] Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys Exp Teilchenphys 7, Siegen - Germany

^[43] Univ Granada, Granada - Spain

^[44] CAFPE, Granada - Spain

^[45] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Catania - Italy

^[46] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Catania - Italy

^[47] Univ Autonoma Chiapas, Tapachula - Mexico

^[48] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan - Italy

^[49] Univ Michoacana, Morelia, Michoacan - Mexico

^[50] Univ Estadual Campinas UNICAMP, Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[51] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 - USA

^[52] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 - USA

^[53] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 - USA

^[54] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Ingn, Lecce - Italy

^[55] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[56] UBA, CONICET, IAFE, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[57] Univ Buenos Aires, FCEyN, Dept Ciencias Atmosfera & Oceanos, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[58] Univ Fed Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ - Brazil

^[59] Nikhef, Amsterdam - Netherlands

^[60] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[61] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, Rome - Italy

^[62] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, Rome - Italy

^[63] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Chim, Laquila - Italy

^[64] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Grp Collegato Aquila, Laquila - Italy

^[65] Univ Fed Parana, Setor Palotina, Curitiba, Parana - Brazil

^[66] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, La Plata, Buenos Aires - Argentina

^[67] Univ Nacl La Plata, IFLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires - Argentina

^[68] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 - USA

^[69] NYU, New York, NY 10003 - USA

^[70] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 - USA

^[71] J Stefan Inst, Expt Particle Phys Dept, Ljubljana - Slovenia

^[72] Univ Nova Gor, Lab Astroparticle Phys, Rozna Dolina - Slovenia

^[73] UNR, CONICET, IFIR, Rosario, Santa Fe - Argentina

^[74] UNR, Fac Ciencias Bioquim Farmaceut, Rosario, Santa Fe - Argentina

^[75] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, UNSAM, CNEA, Inst Tecnol Detecc & Astroparticulas, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[76] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, CNEA, Fac Reg Mendoza, Univ Tecnol Nacl, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[77] Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, SUBATECH, Ecole Mines Nantes, Nantes - France

^[78] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Prozessdatenverarbeitung & Elekt IPE, Karlsruhe - Germany

^[79] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, Milan - Italy

^[80] Univ Lodz, Fac Astrophys, Lodz - Poland

^[81] Univ Lodz, Fac High Energy Astrophys, Lodz - Poland

^[82] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 - USA

^[83] Univ Estadual Feira de Santana UEFS, Feira De Santana - Brazil

^[84] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Exp Kernphys IEKP, Karlsruhe - Germany

^[85] Palacky Univ, RCPTM, Olomouc - Czech Republic

^[86] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 - USA

^[87] Univ Fed ABC UFABC, Santo Andre - Brazil

^[88] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla BUAP, Puebla - Mexico

^[89] Univ Santiago Compostela, Santiago - Spain

^[90] CINVESTAV, Ctr Invest & Estud Avanzados IPN, Mexico City, DF - Mexico

^[91] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 - USA

^[92] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 - USA

^[93] Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas - Brazil

^[94] Univ Prague, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Prague - Czech Republic

^[95] CITEDEF, Ctr Invest Laseres & Aplicac, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[96] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[97] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA - USA

^[98] UPIITA, IPN, Mexico City, DF - Mexico

^[99] Vrije Univ Brussels, Brussels - Belgium

^[100] Univ Groningen, Ctr Adv Radiat Technol, KVI, Groningen - Netherlands

^[101] INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm Palermo, Rome - Italy

^[102] CBPF, Rio De Janeiro - Brazil

^[103] Univ Bucharest, Phys Dept, Bucharest - Romania

^[104] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 - USA

^[105] Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Engenharia Lorena, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[106] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds, W Yorkshire - England

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Journal of Instrumentation; v. 12, OCT 2017.
• Web of Science Citations: 6

Abstract

An in-situ calibration of a logarithmic periodic dipole antenna with a frequency coverage of 30 MHz to 80 MHz is performed. Such antennas are part of a radio station system used for detection of cosmic ray induced air showers at the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory, the so-called Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA). The directional and frequency characteristics of the broadband antenna are investigated using a remotely piloted aircraft carrying a small transmitting antenna. The antenna sensitivity is described by the vector effective length relating the measured voltage with the electric-field components perpendicular to the incoming signal direction. The horizontal and meridional components are determined with an overall uncertainty of 7.4(-0.3)(+0.9)%and 10.3(-1.7)(+2.8)% respectively. The measurement is used to correct a simulated response of the frequency and directional response of the antenna. In addition, the influence of the ground conductivity and permittivity on the antenna response is simulated. Both have a negligible influence given the ground conditions measured at the detector site. The overall uncertainties of the vector effective length components result in an uncertainty of 8.8(-1.3)(+2.1)% in the square root of the energy fluence for incoming signal directions with zenith angles smaller than 60 degrees. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 99/05404-3 - Pierre Auger Observatory
• Grantee: Carlos Ourivio Escobar
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 10/07359-6 - Study of cosmic rays of highest energies with the Pierre Auger Observatory
• Grantee: Carola Dobrigkeit Chinellato
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants