Neurobiological support to the diagnosis of ADHD in stimulant-naive adults: pattern recognition analyses of MRI data

Author(s):Show less -

Chaim-Avancini, T. M. ^{[1, 2]} ; Doshi, J. ^[3] ; Zanetti, M. V. ^{[1, 2]} ; Erus, G. ^[3] ; Silva, M. A. ^[4] ; Duran, F. L. S. ^{[1, 2]} ; Cavallet, M. ^{[1, 2]} ; Serpa, M. H. ^{[1, 2]} ; Caetano, S. C. ^[5] ; Louza, M. R. ^[4] ; Davatzikos, C. ^[3] ; Busatto, G. F. ^{[1, 2]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res Appl Neurosci NAPNA, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Lab Psychiat Neuroimaging LIM 21 Dept & Inst Psyc, Dept & Inst Psychiat, Fac Med, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[3] Univ Penn, Dept Radiol, Sect Biomed Image Anal, Philadelphia, PA 19104 - USA

^[4] Univ Sao Paulo, Program Attent Deficit Hyperact Disorder PRODATH, Dept & Inst Psychiat, Fac Med, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[5] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Unit UPIA, Sao Paulo - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA; v. 136, n. 6, p. 623-636, DEC 2017.
• Web of Science Citations: 3

Abstract

Objective: In adulthood, the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been subject of recent controversy. We searched for a neuroanatomical signature associated with ADHD spectrum symptoms in adults by applying, for the first time, machine learning-based pattern classification methods to structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data obtained from stimulant-naive adults with childhood-onset ADHD and healthy controls (HC). Method: Sixty-seven ADHD patients and 66 HC underwent high-resolution T1-weighted and DTI acquisitions. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier with a non-linear kernel was applied on multimodal image features extracted on regions of interest placed across the whole brain. Results: The discrimination between a mixed-gender ADHD subgroup and individually matched HC (n = 58 each) yielded area-under-the-curve (AUC) and diagnostic accuracy (DA) values of up to 0.71% and 66% (P = 0.003) respectively. AUC and DA values increased to 0.74% and 74% (P = 0.0001) when analyses were restricted to males (52 ADHD vs. 44 HC). Conclusion: Introvert personality traits showed independent risk effects on suicidality regardless of diagnosis status. Among high risk individuals with suicidal thoughts, higher neuroticism tendency is further associated with increased risk of suicide attempt. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 13/03905-4 - NEUROBIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER SUBTYPES I AND II
• Grantee: Marcus Vinicius Zanetti
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral