Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function in Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Small-Scale Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

Author(s):Show less -

Felau, Sheylla M. ^[1] ; Sales, Lucas P. ^[1] ; Solis, Marina Y. ^[1] ; Hayashi, Ana Paula ^[1] ; Roschel, Hamilton ^[1] ; Sa-Pinto, Ana Lucia ^[1] ; Oliveira de Andrade, Danieli Castro ^[1] ; Katayama, Keyla Y. ^[2] ; Irigoyen, Maria Claudia ^[2] ; Consolim-Colombo, Fernanda ^[2] ; Bonfa, Eloisa ^[1] ; Gualano, Bruno ^[1] ; Benatti, Fabiana B. ^{[3, 1]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Appl Physiol & Nutr Res Grp, Lab Assessment & Conditioning Rheumatol, Fac Med FMUSP, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Heart Inst InCor, Fac Med FMUSP, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[3] Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Sch Appl Sci, Limeira - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY; v. 9, MAR 2 2018.
• Web of Science Citations: 1

Abstract

Endothelial cells are thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation has been shown to improve endothelial function in a number of diseases; thus, it could be of high clinical relevance in APS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of n-3 PUFA supplementation on endothelial function (primary outcome) of patients with primary APS (PAPS). A 16-week randomized clinical trial was conducted with 22 adult women with PAPS. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive placebo (PL, n = 11) or n-3 PUFA (omega-3, n = 11) supplementation. Before (pre) and after (post) 16 weeks of the intervention, patients were assessed for endothelial function (peripheral artery tonometry) (primary outcome). Patients were also assessed for systemic markers of endothelial cell activation, inflammatory markers, dietary intake, international normalized ratio (INR), and adverse effects. At post, omega-3 group presented significant increases in endothelial function estimates reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and logarithmic transformation of RHI (LnRHI) when compared with PL (+13 vs. -12%, rho = 0.06, ES = 0.9; and +23 vs. -22%, rho = 0.02, ES = 1.0). No changes were observed for e-selectin, vascular adhesion molecule-1, and fibrinogen levels (rho > 0.05). In addition, omega-3 group showed decreased circulating levels of interleukin-10 (-4 vs. +45%, rho = 0.04, ES = -0.9) and tumor necrosis factor (-13 vs. +0.3%, rho = 0.04, ES = -0.95) and a tendency toward a lower intercellular adhesion molecule-1 response (+3 vs. +48%, rho = 0.1, ES = -0.7) at post when compared with PL. No changes in dietary intake, INR, or self-reported adverse effects were observed. In conclusion, 16 weeks of n-3 PUFA supplementation improved endothelial function in patients with well-controlled PAPS. These results support a role of n-3 PUFA supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in APS. Registered at http://ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01956188. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/02546-1 - Metabolic, physiologic and molecular effects of breaking sedentary time in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a randomized crossover study
• Grantee: Fabiana Braga Benatti
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 14/06911-8 - Influence of age, diet and tissue in response of creatine supplementation
• Grantee: Marina Yazigi Solis
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral