DarkSide-20k: A 20 tonne two-phase LAr TPC for direct dark matter detection at LNGS

Author(s):Show less -

Aalseth, C. E. ^[1] ; Acerbi, F. ^{[2, 3]} ; Agnes, P. ^[4] ; Albuquerque, I. F. M. ^[5] ; Alexander, T. ^[1] ; Alici, A. ^{[6, 7, 8, 9]} ; Alton, A. K. ^[10] ; Antonioli, P. ^[6] ; Arcelli, S. ^{[6, 7]} ; Ardito, R. ^{[11, 12]} ; Arnquist, I. J. ^[1] ; Asner, D. M. ^[1] ; Ave, M. ^[5] ; Back, H. O. ^[1] ; Barrado Olmedo, A. I. ^[13] ; Batignani, G. ^{[14, 15]} ; Bertoldo, E. ^[16] ; Bettarini, S. ^{[14, 15]} ; Bisogni, M. G. ^{[14, 15]} ; Bocci, V. ^[17] ; Bondar, A. ^{[18, 19]} ; Bonfini, G. ^[20] ; Bonivento, W. ^[21] ; Bossa, M. ^{[22, 20]} ; Bottino, B. ^{[23, 24]} ; Boulay, M. ^[25] ; Bunker, R. ^[1] ; Bussino, S. ^{[26, 27]} ; Buzulutskov, A. ^{[18, 19]} ; Cadeddu, M. ^{[28, 21]} ; Cadoni, M. ^{[28, 21]} ; Caminata, A. ^[24] ; Canci, N. ^{[4, 20]} ; Candela, A. ^[20] ; Cantini, C. ^[29] ; Caravati, M. ^{[28, 21]} ; Cariello, M. ^[24] ; Carlini, M. ^[20] ; Carpinelli, M. ^{[30, 31]} ; Castellani, A. ^{[11, 12]} ; Catalanotti, S. ^{[32, 33]} ; Cataudella, V. ^{[32, 33]} ; Cavalcante, P. ^{[34, 20]} ; Cavuoti, S. ^{[32, 33]} ; Cereseto, R. ^[24] ; Chepurnov, A. ^[35] ; Cicalo, C. ^[21] ; Cifarelli, L. ^{[6, 7, 8, 9]} ; Citterio, M. ^[11] ; Cocco, A. G. ^[32] ; Colocci, M. ^{[6, 7]} ; Corgiolu, S. ^{[21, 36]} ; Covone, G. ^{[32, 33]} ; Crivelli, P. ^[29] ; D'Antone, I. ^[6] ; D'Incecco, M. ^[20] ; D'Urso, D. ^[30] ; Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha ^[37] ; Daniel, M. ^[13] ; Davini, S. ^{[22, 24, 20]} ; De Candia, A. ^{[32, 33]} ; De Cecco, S. ^{[17, 38]} ; De Deo, M. ^[20] ; De Filippis, G. ^{[32, 33]} ; De Guido, G. ^{[11, 39]} ; De Rosa, G. ^{[32, 33]} ; Dellacasa, G. ^[37] ; Della Valle, M. ^{[32, 40]} ; Demontis, P. ^{[30, 31, 41]} ; Derbin, A. ^[42] ; Devoto, A. ^{[28, 21]} ; Di Eusanio, F. ^[43] ; Di Pietro, G. ^{[11, 20]} ; Dionisi, C. ^{[17, 38]} ; Dolgov, A. ^[18] ; Dormia, I. ^{[11, 39]} ; Dussoni, S. ^{[14, 15]} ; Empl, A. ^[4] ; Fernandez Diaz, M. ^[13] ; Ferri, A. ^{[2, 3]} ; Filip, C. ^[44] ; Fiorillo, G. ^{[32, 33]} ; Fomenko, K. ^[45] ; Franco, D. ^[46] ; Froudakis, G. E. ^[47] ; Gabriele, F. ^[20] ; Gabrieli, A. ^{[30, 31]} ; Galbiati, C. ^{[43, 11]} ; Garcia Abia, P. ^[13] ; Gendotti, A. ^[29] ; Ghisi, A. ^{[11, 12]} ; Giagu, S. ^{[17, 38]} ; Giampa, P. ^[48] ; Gibertoni, G. ^{[11, 39]} ; Giganti, C. ^[49] ; Giorgi, M. A. ^{[14, 15]} ; Giovanetti, G. K. ^[43] ; Gligan, M. L. ^[44] ; Gola, A. ^{[2, 3]} ; Gorchakov, O. ^[45] ; Goretti, A. M. ^[20] ; Granato, F. ^[50] ; Grassi, M. ^[14] ; Grate, J. W. ^[1] ; Grigoriev, G. Y. ^[51] ; Gromov, M. ^[35] ; Guan, M. ^[52] ; Guerra, M. B. B. ^[53] ; Guerzoni, M. ^[6] ; Gulino, M. ^{[31, 54]} ; Haaland, R. K. ^[55] ; Hallin, A. ^[56] ; Harrop, B. ^[43] ; Hoppe, E. W. ^[1] ; Horikawa, S. ^[29] ; Hosseini, B. ^[21] ; Hughes, D. ^[43] ; Humble, P. ^[1] ; Hungerford, E. V. ^[4] ; Ianni, An ^{[43, 20]} ; Jillings, C. ^{[57, 58]} ; Johnson, T. N. ^[59] ; Keeter, K. ^[53] ; Kendziora, C. L. ^[60] ; Kim, S. ^[50] ; Koh, G. ^[43] ; Korablev, D. ^[45] ; Korga, G. ^{[4, 20]} ; Kubankin, A. ^[61] ; Kuss, M. ^[14] ; Kuzniak, M. ^[25] ; La Commara, M. ^{[32, 33]} ; Lehnert, B. ^[25] ; Li, X. ^[43] ; Lissia, M. ^[21] ; Lodi, G. U. ^{[11, 39]} ; Loer, B. ^[1] ; Longo, G. ^{[32, 33]} ; Loverre, P. ^{[17, 38]} ; Lussana, R. ^{[11, 62]} ; Luzzi, L. ^{[11, 63]} ; Ma, Y. ^[52] ; Machado, A. A. ^[64] ; Machulin, I. N. ^{[65, 51]} ; Mandarano, A. ^{[22, 20]} ; Mapelli, L. ^[43] ; Marcante, M. ^{[2, 3, 66]} ; Margotti, A. ^[6] ; Mari, S. M. ^{[26, 27]} ; Mariani, M. ^{[11, 63]} ; Maricic, J. ^[67] ; Martoff, C. J. ^[50] ; Mascia, M. ^{[21, 36]} ; Mayer, M. ^[1] ; McDonald, A. B. ^[68] ; Messina, A. ^{[17, 38]} ; Meyers, P. D. ^[43] ; Milincic, R. ^[67] ; Moggi, A. ^[14] ; Moioli, S. ^{[11, 39]} ; Monroe, J. ^{[69, 70]} ; Monte, A. ^{[69, 70]} ; Morrocchi, M. ^{[14, 15]} ; Mount, B. J. ^[53] ; Mu, W. ^[29] ; Muratova, V. N. ^[42] ; Murphy, S. ^[29] ; Musico, P. ^[24] ; Nania, R. ^{[6, 8, 9]} ; Agasson, A. Navrer ^[49] ; Nikulin, I. ^[61] ; Nosov, V. ^{[18, 19]} ; Nozdrina, A. O. ^{[65, 51]} ; Nurakhov, N. N. ^[51] ; Oleinik, A. ^[61] ; Oleynikov, V. ^{[18, 19]} ; Orsini, M. ^[20] ; Ortica, F. ^{[71, 72]} ; Pagani, L. ^{[23, 24]} ; Pallavicini, M. ^{[23, 24]} ; Palmas, S. ^{[21, 36]} ; Pandola, L. ^[31] ; Pantic, E. ^[59] ; Paoloni, E. ^{[14, 15]} ; Paternoster, G. ^{[2, 3]} ; Pavletcov, V. ^[35] ; Pazzona, F. ^{[30, 31]} ; Peeters, S. ^[73] ; Pelczar, K. ^[20] ; Pellegrini, L. A. ^{[11, 39]} ; Pelliccia, N. ^{[71, 72]} ; Perotti, F. ^{[11, 12]} ; Perruzza, R. ^[20] ; Pesudo, V. ^[13] ; Piemonte, C. ^{[2, 3]} ; Pilo, F. ^[14] ; Pocar, A. ^{[69, 70]} ; Pollmann, T. ^[74] ; Portaluppi, D. ^{[11, 62]} ; Pugachev, D. A. ^[51] ; Qian, H. ^[43] ; Radics, B. ^[29] ; Raffaelli, F. ^[14] ; Ragusa, F. ^{[75, 11]} ; Razeti, M. ^[21] ; Razeto, A. ^[20] ; Regazzoni, V. ^{[2, 3, 66]} ; Regenfus, C. ^[29] ; Reinhold, B. ^[67] ; Renshaw, A. L. ^[4] ; Rescigno, M. ^[17] ; Retiere, F. ^[48] ; Riffard, Q. ^[46] ; Rivetti, A. ^[37] ; Rizzardini, S. ^[43] ; Romani, A. ^{[71, 72]} ; Romero, L. ^[13] ; Rossi, B. ^[32] ; Rossi, N. ^[20] ; Rubbia, A. ^[29] ; Sablone, D. ^{[43, 20]} ; Salatino, P. ^{[32, 76]} ; Samoylov, O. ^[45] ; Garcia, E. Sanchez ^[13] ; Sands, W. ^[43] ; Sanfilippo, S. ^{[26, 27]} ; Sant, M. ^{[30, 31]} ; Santorelli, R. ^[13] ; Savarese, C. ^{[22, 20]} ; Scapparone, E. ^[6] ; Schlitzer, B. ^[59] ; Scioli, G. ^{[6, 7]} ; Segreto, E. ^[64] ; Seifert, A. ^[1] ; Semenov, D. A. ^[42] ; Shchagin, A. ^[61] ; Shekhtman, L. ^{[18, 19]} ; Shemyakina, E. ^{[18, 19]} ; Sheshukov, A. ^[45] ; Simeone, M. ^{[32, 76]} ; Singh, P. N. ^[4] ; Skensved, P. ^[68] ; Skorokhvatov, M. D. ^{[65, 51]} ; Smirnov, O. ^[45] ; Sobrero, G. ^[24] ; Sokolov, A. ^{[18, 19]} ; Sotnikov, A. ^[45] ; Speziale, F. ^[31] ; Stainforth, R. ^[25] ; Stanford, C. ^[43] ; Suffritti, G. B. ^{[30, 31, 33]} ; Suvorov, Y. ^{[77, 51, 20]} ; Tartaglia, R. ^[20] ; Testera, G. ^[24] ; Tonazzo, A. ^[46] ; Tosi, A. ^{[11, 62]} ; Trinchese, P. ^{[32, 33]} ; Unzhakov, E. V. ^[42] ; Vacca, A. ^{[21, 36]} ; Vazquez-Jauregui, E. ^[78] ; Verducci, M. ^{[17, 38]} ; Viant, T. ^[29] ; Villa, F. ^{[11, 62]} ; Vishneva, A. ^[45] ; Vogelaar, B. ^[34] ; Wada, M. ^[43] ; Wahl, J. ^[1] ; Walding, J. ^[79] ; Wang, H. ^[77] ; Wang, Y. ^{[77, 52]} ; Watson, A. W. ^[50] ; Westerdale, S. ^[25] ; Williams, R. ^[1] ; Wojcik, M. M. ^[80] ; Wu, S. ^[29] ; Xiang, X. ^[43] ; Xiao, X. ^[77] ; Yang, C. ^[52] ; Ye, Z. ^[4] ; Yllera de Llano, A. ^[13] ; Zappa, F. ^{[11, 62]} ; Zappala, G. ^{[2, 3, 66]} ; Zhu, C. ^[43] ; Zichichi, A. ^{[6, 7, 8, 9]} ; Zullo, M. ^[17] ; Zullo, A. ^[17] ; Zuzel, G. ^[80]

Affiliation:Show less -

^[1] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 - USA

^[2] Fdn Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo - Italy

^[3] Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat, I-38123 Povo - Italy

^[4] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 - USA

^[5] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[6] INFN Bologna, I-40126 Bologna - Italy

^[7] Univ Bologna, Dept Phys, I-40126 Bologna - Italy

^[8] Ctr Fermi Museo Stor Fis, I-00184 Rome - Italy

^[9] Ctr Studi & Ric Enrico Fermi, I-00184 Rome - Italy

^[10] Augustana Univ, Dept Phys, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 - USA

^[11] INFN Milano, I-20133 Milan - Italy

^[12] Politecn Milan, Civil & Environm Engn Dept, I-20133 Milan - Italy

^[13] CIEMAT, Madrid 28040 - Spain

^[14] INFN Pisa, I-56127 Pisa - Italy

^[15] Univ Pisa, Dept Phys, I-56127 Pisa - Italy

^[16] INFN Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan - Italy

^[17] INFN, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome - Italy

^[18] Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk 630090 - Russia

^[19] Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090 - Russia

^[20] INFN, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, AQ - Italy

^[21] INFN Cagliari, I-09042 Cagliari - Italy

^[22] Gran Sasso Sci Inst, I-67100 Laquila - Italy

^[23] Univ Genoa, Dept Phys, I-16146 Genoa - Italy

^[24] INFN Genova, I-16146 Genoa - Italy

^[25] Carleton Univ, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 - Canada

^[26] INFN Roma Tre, I-00146 Rome - Italy

^[27] Univ Roma Tre, Dept Math & Phys, I-00146 Rome - Italy

^[28] Univ Cagliari, Dept Phys, I-09042 Cagliari - Italy

^[29] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Particle Phys, CH-8093 Zurich - Switzerland

^[30] Univ Sassari, Chem & Pharm Dept, I-07100 Sassari - Italy

^[31] INFN, Lab Nazl Sud, I-95123 Catania - Italy

^[32] INFN Napoli, I-80126 Naples - Italy

^[33] Univ Federico II Napoli, Dept Phys, I-80126 Naples - Italy

^[34] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 - USA

^[35] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119991 - Russia

^[36] Univ Cagliari, Dept Mech Chem & Mat Engn, I-09042 Cagliari - Italy

^[37] INFN Torino, I-10125 Turin - Italy

^[38] Sapienza Univ Roma, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome - Italy

^[39] Politecn Milan, Chem Mat & Chem Engn Dept G Natta, I-20133 Milan - Italy

^[40] INAF Capodimonte Astron Observ, I-80131 Naples - Italy

^[41] Interuniv Consortium Sci & Technol Mat, I-50121 Florence - Italy

^[42] St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350 - Russia

^[43] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 - USA

^[44] Natl Inst R&D Isotop & Mol Technol, Cluj Napoca 400293 - Romania

^[45] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980 - Russia

^[46] Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS, CEA, Irfu, Obs Paris, USPC, IN2P3, F-75205 Paris - France

^[47] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, POB 2208, Iraklion 71003, Crete - Greece

^[48] TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 - Canada

^[49] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LPNHE, CNRS, IN2P3, F-75252 Paris - France

^[50] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 - USA

^[51] Natl Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow 123182 - Russia

^[52] Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049 - Peoples R China

^[53] Black Hills State Univ, Sch Nat Sci, Spearfish, SD 57799 - USA

^[54] Univ Enna Kore, Fac Engn & Architecture, I-94100 Enna - Italy

^[55] Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Durango, CO 81301 - USA

^[56] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 - Canada

^[57] Laurentian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6 - Canada

^[58] SNOLAB, Lively, ON P3Y 1N2 - Canada

^[59] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 - USA

^[60] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 - USA

^[61] Belgorod Natl Res Univ, Radiat Phys Lab, Belgorod 308007 - Russia

^[62] Politecn Milan, Elect Informat & Bioengn Dept, I-20133 Milan - Italy

^[63] Politecn Milan, Dept Energy, I-20133 Milan - Italy

^[64] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Phys, BR-13083 Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[65] Natl Res Nucl Univ MEPhI, Moscow 115409 - Russia

^[66] Univ Trento, Dept Phys, I-38123 Povo - Italy

^[67] Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 - USA

^[68] Queens Univ, Dept Phys Engn Phys & Astron, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 - Canada

^[69] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 - USA

^[70] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst Ctr Fundamental Interact, Amherst, MA 01003 - USA

^[71] Univ Perugia, Chem Biol & Biotechnol Dept, I-06123 Perugia - Italy

^[72] INFN Perugia, I-06123 Perugia - Italy

^[73] Univ Sussex, Phys & Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex - England

^[74] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-80333 Munich - Germany

^[75] Univ Milan, Dept Phys, I-20133 Milan - Italy

^[76] Univ Federico II Napoli, Chem Mat & Ind Prod Engn Dept, I-80126 Naples - Italy

^[77] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 - USA

^[78] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF - Mexico

^[79] Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Phys, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey - England

^[80] Jagiellonian Univ, M Smoluchowski Inst Phys, PL-30348 Krakow - Poland

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS; v. 133, n. 3 MAR 29 2018.
• Web of Science Citations: 45

Abstract

Building on the successful experience in operating the DarkSide-50 detector, the DarkSide Collaboration is going to construct DarkSide-20k, a direct WIMP search detector using a two-phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) with an active (fiducial) mass of 23t (20t). This paper describes a preliminary design for the experiment, in which the DarkSide-20k LAr TPC is deployed within a shield/veto with a spherical Liquid Scintillator Veto (LSV) inside a cylindrical Water Cherenkov Veto (WCV). This preliminary design provides a baseline for the experiment to achieve its physics goals, while further development work will lead to the final optimization of the detector parameters and an eventual technical design. Operation of DarkSide-50 demonstrated a major reduction in the dominant Ar-39 background when using argon extracted from an underground source, before applying pulse shape analysis. Data from DarkSide-50, in combination with MC simulation and analytical modeling, shows that a rejection factor for discrimination between electron and nuclear recoils of > 3 x 10(9) is achievable. This, along with the use of the veto system and utilizing silicon photomultipliers in the LAr TPC, are the keys to unlocking the path to large LAr TPC detector masses, while maintaining an experiment in which less than < 0.1 events (other than v-induced nuclear recoils) is expected to occur within the WIMP search region during the planned exposure. DarkSide-20k will have ultra-low backgrounds than can be measured in situ, giving sensitivity to WIMP-nucleon cross sections of 1.2 x 10(-47) cm(2) (1.1 x 10(-46) cm(2)) for WIMPs of 1 TeV/c(2) (10 TeV/c(2)) mass, to be achieved during a 5yr run producing an exposure of 100 t yr free from any instrumental background. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 16/09084-0 - Dark matter direct detection and the DarkSide experiment
• Grantee: Ivone Freire da Mota e Albuquerque
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants