Addressing bioassessment of tropical rivers using macrophytes: The case of Itanhaem Basin, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Author(s)

Umetsu, Cristiane Akemi ^[1] ; Aguiar, Francisca C. ^[2] ; Ferreira, Maria Teresa ^[2] ; Cancian, Leonardo Farage ^[3] ; Monteiro Camargo, Antonio Fernando ^{[3, 1]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Estadual Paulista, Programa Posgrad Aquicultura, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Agron, Ctr Estudos Florestais, P-1349017 Lisbon - Portugal

^[3] Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Ecol, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Aquatic Botany; v. 150, p. 53-63, NOV 2018.
• Web of Science Citations: 1

Abstract

We developed a pilot study on the potential of aquatic plants as indicators of ecological quality in tropical rivers to provide an index of biotic integrity for monitoring, conservation, and restoration purposes. We used floristic, environmental, and anthropogenic disturbance data from a 950 km(2) river basin in the southern littoral area of Sao Paulo State, Brazil (Itanhaem River Basin), and proposed a five-step methodological framework for the development of a macrophyte index in tropical river basins. Field surveys were carried out in 137 sites (Spring 2013-2014) of Itanhaem River for the index development and in 27 sites of Itapanhad River (Spring 2015) for its validation. A total of 44 aquatic plant species were recorded in the study area, and 11 metrics were evaluated as potential core metrics of the index. Principal Component Analysis distinguished two river types mostly related to geomorphological characteristics - the Upper river type in the mountainous region (average slope 23.7 degrees) and the Middle-low river type (average slope 9.2 degrees) in the floodplain. The Upper river catchment was characterized by extensive areas occupied by banana plantations, low water conductivity, sandy substrates, and homogeneous aquatic vegetation, whereas the Middle-low river catchment had more urban settlements and displayed high nitrogen and phosphorus contents in water and sediments. The index (MIBI-ITA) is preliminary and was based on species richness and life forms (e.g. submerged hydrophytes, helophytes). MIBI-ITA could only be developed for the lowlands and displayed a high discriminatory ability for distinguishing disturbance and a good performance with external data. Bioassessment in tropical rivers require further investigation on biogeography and long-term responses of macrophyte populations to stressors, as well as knowledge-base on river typology and functional traits of macrophytes, other than morpho-anatomic traits and diversity measures. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/21517-9 - Assessing ecological quality of aquatic environments of Itanhaém River Basin using aquatic macrophytes: a proposal for development of an index of biotic integrity
• Grantee: Cristiane Akemi Umetsu
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate