Lethal and sublethal toxicity of abamectin and difenoconazole (individually and in mixture) to early life stages of zebrafish

Author(s)

Madeira Sanches, Ana Leticia ^[1] ; Daam, Michiel Adriaan ^[2] ; Freitas, Emanuela Cristina ^[1] ; Godoy, Aline Andrade ^[3] ; Meireles, Gabriela ^[4] ; Almeida, Ana Rita ^{[5, 6]} ; Domingues, Ines ^{[5, 6]} ; Gaeta Espindola, Evaldo Luiz ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos Engn Sch, NEEA, CRHEA, SHS, Av Trabalhador Sao Carlense 400, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, CENSE, P-2829516 Caparica - Portugal

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Clin & Toxicol Anal, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[4] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Pharmaceut Sci Ribeirao Preto, BR-14040903 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

^[5] Univ Aveiro, Dept Biol, Campus Univ Santiago, P-3810193 Aveiro - Portugal

^[6] Univ Aveiro, CESAM, Campus Univ Santiago, P-3810193 Aveiro - Portugal

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Chemosphere; v. 210, p. 531-538, NOV 2018.
• Web of Science Citations: 5

Abstract

In recent years, the need for the development of alternative test methods for the conventional acute fish toxicity test (AFT) with adult fish has often been discussed. In addition, concerns have been raised on the potential risks related with environmentally realistic pesticide mixtures since risk evaluations have traditionally been based on individual pesticides. The insecticide/acaricide abamectin and the fungicide difenoconazole are the main pesticides that are intensively used in Brazilian strawberry crop and are hence likely to occur simultaneously in edge-of-field waterbodies. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the lethal and sublethal toxicity of single and mixture exposures of these pesticides to zebrafish early life stages (embryos and juveniles). By comparing the derived toxicity data of the individual compounds with that previously determined for zebrafish adults, the order of life stage sensitivity was juvenile > adult> embryo. The pesticide mixture revealed a dose-level dependent deviation of the independent action model, with antagonism at low dose levels and synergism at high dose levels. Sublethal parameters (especially those related with locomotion) were considerably more sensitive than lethality. Subsequently, the inclusion of sublethal parameters may greatly improve the sensitivity of FET tests and hence its suitability as a substitution of adult fish testing in risk assessment evaluations. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/05543-3 - Comparative study of the abamectin and difenoconazole toxic effects in embryos and adults of Danio rerio
• Grantee: Ana Letícia Madeira Sanches
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 14/14621-0 - Analysis of the environmental effects of Kraft and score pesticides and its active ingredients abamectin and difenoconazole in tropical surface waters by biomarkers
• Grantee: Ana Letícia Madeira Sanches
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate