Parallel damage in mitochondria and lysosomes is an efficient way to photoinduce cell death

Author(s):Show less -

Martins, Waleska K. ^{[1, 2]} ; Santos, Nayra Fernandes ^[1] ; Rocha, Cleidiane de Sousa ^{[1, 2]} ; Bacellar, Isabel O. L. ^[1] ; Tsubone, Tayana Mazin ^[1] ; Viotto, Ana Claudia ^[1] ; Matsukuma, Adriana Yamaguti ^[1] ; Abrantes, Aline B. de P. ^[1] ; Siani, Paulo ^[3] ; Dias, Luis Gustavo ^[3] ; Baptista, Mauricio S. ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Bioquim, Inst Quim, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Anhanguera Sao Paulo, Programa Posgrad Stricto Sensue Pesquisa, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Quim, FFCLRP, Sao Paulo - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: AUTOPHAGY; v. 15, n. 2, p. 259-279, FEB 1 2019.
• Web of Science Citations: 12

Abstract

Cells challenged by photosensitized oxidations face strong redox stresses and rely on autophagy to either survive or die. However, the use of macroautophagy/autophagy to improve the efficiency of photosensitizers, in terms of inducing cell death, remains unexplored. Here, we addressed the concept that a parallel damage in the membranes of mitochondria and lysosomes leads to a scenario of autophagy malfunction that can greatly improve the efficiency of the photosensitizer to cause cell death. Specific damage to these organelles was induced by irradiation of cells pretreated with 2 phenothiazinium salts, methylene blue (MB) and 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB). At a low concentration level (10 nM), only DMMB could induce mitochondrial damage, leading to mitophagy activation, which did not progress to completion because of the parallel damage in lysosome, triggering cell death. MB-induced photodamage was perceived almost instantaneously after irradiation, in response to a massive and nonspecific oxidative stress at a higher concentration range (2 mu M). We showed that the parallel damage in mitochondria and lysosomes activates and inhibits mitophagy, leading to a late and more efficient cell death, offering significant advantage (2 orders of magnitude) over photosensitizers that cause unspecific oxidative stress. We are confident that this concept can be used to develop better light-activated drugs. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 13/07937-8 - Redoxome - Redox Processes in Biomedicine
• Grantee: Ohara Augusto
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers - RIDC
• FAPESP's process: 16/07642-6 - Autophagy activation/inhibition by triterpenoids and the impact of membranes interaction: therapeutic implications on tumor response
• Grantee: Waleska Kerllen Martins Gardesani
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 12/50680-5 - Photosensitization in life sciences
• Grantee: Mauricio da Silva Baptista
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants