The soda lakes of Nhecolandia: A conservation opportunity for the Pantanal wetlands

Author(s)

Guerreiro, Renato L. ^[1] ; Bergier, Ivan ^[2] ; McGlue, Michael M. ^[3] ; Warren, Lucas V. ^[4] ; Pinto de Abreu, Urbano Gomes ^[2] ; Abrahao, Jonatas ^[5] ; Assine, Mario L. ^[4]

Affiliation

^[1] Inst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Parana, Ave Civ 475, BR-85935000 Assis Chateaubriand, PR - Brazil

^[2] Embrapa Pantanal, Rua 21 Setembro, 1880, BR-79302090 Corumba, MS - Brazil

^[3] Univ Kentucky, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 121 Washington Ave, Lexington, KY 40506 - USA

^[4] Unesp Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Geociencias & Ciencias Exatas, Ave 24-A, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP - Brazil

^[5] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Microbiol, Inst Ciencias Biol, Lab Virus, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil

• Document type: Review article
• Source: PERSPECTIVES IN ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION; v. 17, n. 1, p. 9-18, JAN-MAR 2019.
• Web of Science Citations: 2

Abstract

The Pantanal is the most conserved biome in Brazil and among the last wild refuges in South America, but intensification of agriculture and other land use changes present challenges for protecting this exceptionally biodiverse wetland ecosystem. Recent studies have shed new light on the origins and biogeochemistry of a suite of >600 small saline-alkaline lakes in Nhecolandia, a floodplain setting located south of the Taquari River in south-central Pantanal. These soda lakes form a unique aquatic environment in Pantanal and nascent research on their geomicrobiology suggests that their biota may be analogous to early life, and extreme life in Earth's deep biosphere. We argue that the conservation of the soda lakes in the lower Nhecolandia region should be an important strategic component of any conservation plan that aims to mitigate the advance of unsustainable land-use change in the Pantanal. Soda lake conservation has important implications for the carbon cycle, as these landforms sequester carbon dioxide and transmit considerably lower concentrations of methane in comparison to macrophyte-rich freshwater lakes in the region. Further, minerals precipitated in the saline-alkaline lakes are leveraged for cattle consumption, and therefore the continued presence of the lakes is critical for allowing pantaneiro ranchers to pursue certified organic, sustainable beef production systems. Beyond protecting soda lakes and their surrounding forests (mata de cordilheiras) for food systems security, the conservation strategy would also allow further research of little studied extremophile biodiversity and biogeochemistry, with potential for biotechnological innovations attendant to UN Sustainable Development Goals. (C) 2018 Associacao Brasileira de Ciencia Ecologica e Conservacao. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 14/06889-2 - Paleohydrological changes, chronology of events and sediment dynamics in the quaternary of the Pantanal Wetland
• Grantee: Mario Luis Assine
• Support Opportunities: Research Program on Global Climate Change - Regular Grants