Organic contamination of beached plastic pellets in the South Atlantic: Risk assessments can benefit by considering spatial gradients

Author(s)

Gorman, Daniel ^[1] ; Moreira, Fabiana Tavares ^[2] ; Turra, Alexander ^[2] ; Fontenelle, Fabiana Ribeiro ^{[2, 3]} ; Combi, Tatiane ^[4] ; Bicego, Marcia Caruso ^[2] ; Martins, Cesar de Castro ^[3]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Marine Biol, Rodovia Manoel Hypolito do Rego, BR-11600000 Sao Sebastiao, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Oceanog, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[3] Univ Fed Parana, Ctr Estudos Mar, Curitiba, Parana - Brazil

^[4] Univ Fed Bahia, Inst Geociencias, Dept Oceanog, Salvador, BA - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Chemosphere; v. 223, p. 608-615, MAY 2019.
• Web of Science Citations: 1

Abstract

Microplastics are important vectors for the transport and accumulation of persistent organic contaminants in coastal and marine environments. We determined the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) associated with microplastic pellets collected along a 39-km stretch of Brazil's South Atlantic coastline to understand the spatial dynamics and potential risk posed by these contaminants. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 1,454 to 6,002 ng g(-1), and regularly exceeded the threshold effect level (TEL) for sediments defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Sampling stations, spaced evenly along the coastline (i.e., 3-km intervals) exhibited a general north-to-south decline in the concentrations of some PAHs, but this spatial gradient was complicated by small-scale differences in the concentrations and composition of associated contaminants. Similarly, analysis of individual isomer ratios revealed further complexity driven by differences in the contribution of petrogenic versus pyrolytic inputs which pose different levels of risk to marine organisms. PCB concentrations ranged from 0.8 to 104.6 ng g(-1) and were dominated by low chlorinated congeners likely to have originated from major industrial areas to the north. Overall, this study highlights the challenge of directly linking microplastic pollution with the potential toxicological effects of organic contaminants in coastal waters. We recommend that monitoring programs should explicitly consider both the origin (i.e., pellet sources and dispersal pathways) and nature of organic contamination (i.e., concentration and composition) when assessing the risks for biota and human health. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 18/06162-6 - Evaluation of the current and future potential for marine protected areas (MPa) to safeguard the biodiversity, function and resilience of subtidal rocky seascapes in subtropical Brazil
• Grantee: Daniel Gorman
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Young Researchers