Hairstreak butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) and evolution of their male secondary sexual organs

Author(s)

Pereira Martins, Ananda Regina ^{[1, 2]} ; Duarte, Marcelo ^[1] ; Robbins, Robert K. ^[3]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Museu Zool, Ave Nazare 481, BR-04263000 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[2] McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, Dept Biol, 859 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, PQ H3A 0C4 - Canada

^[3] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, NHB Stop 105, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 - USA

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: CLADISTICS; v. 35, n. 2, p. 173-197, APR 2019.
• Web of Science Citations: 1

Abstract

Hairstreak butterflies in the Atlides Section of the Eumaeini are biologically notable for a diverse array of male secondary sexual organs. A ``species recognition{''} hypothesis postulates that females use these organs to choose between conspecific and non-conspecific males, thereby promoting reproductive isolation. Alternately, a ``sexual selection{''} hypothesis posits that females use these organs to choose among conspecific males. These hypotheses need not be mutually exclusive but make different predictions about the evolutionary gain and loss of male secondary sexual organs. We analysed most of the Atlides Section (Theclinae, Eumaeini) phylogenetically. Sister lineages were sympatric at 22 of 37 nodes. Nine evolutionary gains occurred in lineages that were sympatric with their phylogenetic sister, and one occurred in a lineage that was allopatric/parapatric with its sister. By contrast, seven of ten evolutionary losses occurred in lineages that were allopatric/parapatric with their sisters. These results are significantly different from those predicted by a sexual selection hypothesis. We conclude that male secondary sexual organs in the Atlides Section function primarily for species recognition and thereby promote sympatric diversification. (c) The Willi Hennig Society 2018. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 10/14682-8 - Biosystematics of lycaenidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from the remnants of Atlantic Rainforest, with emphasis for the Southeastern region of Brazil
• Grantee: Marcelo Duarte da Silva
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 12/03854-8 - Systematics of the Atlides Section sensu Robbins (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini)
• Grantee: Ananda Regina Pereira Martins
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 11/50225-3 - Natural history, phylogeny and conservation of Neotropical Lepidoptera
• Grantee: André Victor Lucci Freitas
• Support Opportunities: BIOTA-FAPESP Program - Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 13/00952-1 - Systematics of Atlides Section sensu Robbins (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini): study of the collection of Lepidoptera from the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
• Grantee: Ananda Regina Pereira Martins
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Master's degree