Global distribution of earthworm diversity

Author(s):Show less -

Phillips, Helen R. P. ^{[1, 2]} ; Guerra, Carlos A. ^{[1, 3]} ; Bartz, Marie L. C. ^[4] ; Briones, Maria J. I. ^[5] ; Brown, George ^[6] ; Crowther, Thomas W. ^[7] ; Ferlian, Olga ^{[1, 2]} ; Gongalsky, Konstantin B. ^{[8, 9]} ; van den Hoogen, Johan ^[7] ; Krebs, Julia ^{[1, 2]} ; Orgiazzi, Alberto ^[10] ; Routh, Devin ^[7] ; Schwarz, Benjamin ^[11] ; Bach, Elizabeth M. ^{[12, 13, 14]} ; Bennett, Joanne ^{[1, 3]} ; Brose, Ulrich ^[15] ; Decaens, Thibaud ^[16] ; Koenig-Ries, Birgitta ^{[1, 17]} ; Loreau, Michel ^[18] ; Mathieu, Jerome ^[19] ; Mulder, Christian ^[20] ; van der Putten, Wim H. ^{[21, 22]} ; Ramirez, Kelly S. ^[21] ; Rillig, Matthias C. ^{[23, 24]} ; Russell, David ^[25] ; Rutgers, Michiel ^[26] ; Thakur, Madhav P. ^[21] ; de Vries, Franciska T. ^[27] ; Wall, Diana H. ^{[12, 13, 14]} ; Wardle, David A. ^[28] ; Arai, Miwa ^[29] ; Ayuke, Fredrick O. ^[30] ; Baker, Geoff H. ^[31] ; Beausejour, Robin ^[32] ; Bedano, Jose C. ^[33] ; Birkhofer, Klaus ^[34] ; Blanchart, Eric ^[35] ; Blossey, Bernd ^[36] ; Bolger, Thomas ^{[37, 38]} ; Bradley, Robert L. ^[32] ; Callaham, Mac A. ^[39] ; Capowiez, Yvan ^[40] ; Caulfield, Mark E. ^[41] ; Choi, Amy ^[42] ; Crotty, Felicity V. ^{[43, 44]} ; Davalos, Andrea ^{[36, 45]} ; Diaz Cosin, Dario J. ^[46] ; Dominguez, Anahi ^[33] ; Duhour, Andres Esteban ^[47] ; van Eekeren, Nick ^[48] ; Emmerling, Christoph ^[49] ; Falco, Liliana B. ^[50] ; Fernandez, Rosa ^[51] ; Fonte, Steven J. ^[52] ; Fragoso, Carlos ^[53] ; Franco, Andre L. C. ^[12] ; Fugere, Martine ^[32] ; Fusilero, Abegail T. ^{[54, 55]} ; Gholami, Shaieste ^[56] ; Gundale, Michael J. ^[57] ; Gutierrez Lopez, Monica ^[46] ; Hackenberger, Davorka K. ^[58] ; Hernandez, Luis M. ^[59] ; Hishi, Takuo ^[60] ; Holdsworth, Andrew R. ^[61] ; Holmstrup, Martin ^[62] ; Hopfensperger, Kristine N. ^[63] ; Lwanga, Esperanza Huerta ^{[64, 65]} ; Huhta, Veikko ^[66] ; Hurisso, Tunsisa T. ^{[52, 67]} ; Iannone, Basil V. ^[68] ; Iordache, Madalina ^[69] ; Joschko, Monika ^[70] ; Kaneko, Nobuhiro ^[71] ; Kanianska, Radoslava ^[72] ; Keith, Aidan M. ^[73] ; Kelly, Courtland A. ^[52] ; Kernecker, Maria L. ^[74] ; Klaminder, Jonatan ^[75] ; Kone, Armand W. ^[76] ; Kooch, Yahya ^[77] ; Kukkonen, Sanna T. ^[78] ; Lalthanzara, H. ^[79] ; Lammel, Daniel R. ^{[23, 80]} ; Lebedev, Iurii M. ^{[8, 9]} ; Li, Yiqing ^[81] ; Jesus Lidon, Juan B. ^[46] ; Lincoln, Noa K. ^[82] ; Loss, Scott R. ^[83] ; Marichal, Raphael ^[84] ; Matula, Radim ^[85] ; Moos, Jan Hendrik ^{[86, 87]} ; Moreno, Gerardo ^[88] ; Moron-Rios, Alejandro ^[89] ; Muys, Bart ^[90] ; Neirynck, Johan ^[91] ; Norgrove, Lindsey ^[92] ; Novo, Marta ^[46] ; Nuutinen, Visa ^[93] ; Nuzzo, Victoria ^[94] ; Rahman, Mujeeb P. ^[95] ; Pansu, Johan ^{[96, 97]} ; Paudel, Shishir ^[83] ; Peres, Guenola ^[98] ; Perez-Camacho, Lorenzo ^[99] ; Pineiro, Raul ^[100] ; Ponge, Jean-Francois ^[101] ; Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz ^{[102, 103]} ; Rebollo, Salvador ^[99] ; Rodeiro-Iglesias, Javier ^[104] ; Rodriguez, Miguel A. ^[105] ; Roth, Alexander M. ^{[106, 107]} ; Rousseau, Guillaume X. ^{[59, 108]} ; Rozen, Anna ^[109] ; Sayad, Ehsan ^[56] ; van Schaik, Loes ^[110] ; Scharenbroch, Bryant C. ^[111] ; Schirrmann, Michael ^[112] ; Schmidt, Olaf ^{[38, 113]} ; Schroeder, Boris ^{[24, 114]} ; Seeber, Julia ^{[115, 116]} ; Shashkov, Maxim P. ^{[117, 118]} ; Singh, Jaswinder ^[119] ; Smith, Sandy M. ^[120] ; Steinwandter, Michael ^[116] ; Talavera, Jose A. ^[121] ; Trigo, Dolores ^[46] ; Tsukamoto, Jiro ^[122] ; de Valenca, Anne W. ^[123] ; Vanek, Steven J. ^[52] ; Virto, Inigo ^[124] ; Wackett, Adrian A. ^[125] ; Warren, Matthew W. ^[126] ; Wehr, Nathaniel H. ^[127] ; Whalen, Joann K. ^[128] ; Wironen, Michael B. ^[129] ; Wolters, Volkmar ^[130] ; Zenkova, Irina V. ^[131] ; Zhang, Weixin ^[132] ; Cameron, Erin K. ^{[133, 134]} ; Eisenhauer, Nico ^{[1, 2]}

Affiliation:Show less -

^[1] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, D-04103 Leipzig - Germany

^[2] Univ Leipzig, Inst Biol, D-04103 Leipzig - Germany

^[3] Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, D-06108 Halle, Saale - Germany

^[4] Univ Positivo, BR-81280330 Curitiba, PR - Brazil

^[5] Univ Vigo, Dept Ecol & Biol Anim, Vigo 36310 - Spain

^[6] Embrapa Forestry, BR-83411000 Colombo, PR - Brazil

^[7] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Integrat Biol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Crowther Lab, CH-8092 Zurich - Switzerland

^[8] Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 119071 - Russia

^[9] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 119991 - Russia

^[10] Joint Res Ctr, European Commiss, Ispra - Italy

^[11] Univ Freiburg, Biometry & Environm Syst Anal, D-79106 Freiburg - Germany

^[12] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 - USA

^[13] Colorado State Univ, Sch Global Environm Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 - USA

^[14] Colorado State Univ, Global Soil Biodivers Initiat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 - USA

^[15] Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Inst Biodivers, D-07743 Jena - Germany

^[16] Univ Montpellier 3, Univ Montpellier, SupAgro Montpellier, CEFE, UMR 5175, CNRS, EPHE, INRA, IRD, F-34293 Montpellier 5 - France

^[17] Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Inst Comp Sci, D-07743 Jena - Germany

^[18] CNRS, Theoret & Expt Ecol Stn, Ctr Biodivers Theory & Modeling, F-09200 Moulis - France

^[19] Sorbonne Univ, Inst Ecol & Sci Environm Paris, CNRS, UPEC, Paris 7, INRA, IRD, F-75005 Paris - France

^[20] Univ Catania, Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci, I-95124 Catania - Italy

^[21] Netherlands Inst Ecol, Dept Terr Ecol, NIOO KNAW, NL-6700 AB Wageningen - Netherlands

^[22] Wageningen Univ & Res, Dept Plant Sci, Lab Nematol, NL-6708 PB Wageningen - Netherlands

^[23] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Biol, D-14195 Berlin - Germany

^[24] Berlin Brandenburg Inst Adv Biodivers Res BBIB, D-14195 Berlin - Germany

^[25] Senckenberg Museum Nat Hist Gorlitz, Dept Soil Zool, D-02826 Gorlitz - Germany

^[26] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Bilthoven - Netherlands

^[27] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam - Netherlands

^[28] Nanyang Technol Univ, Asian Sch Environm, Singapore 639798 - Singapore

^[29] Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604 - Japan

^[30] Univ Nairobi, Coll Agr & Vet Sci, Dept Land Resource Management & Agr Technol LARMA, Nairobi 00625 - Kenya

^[31] CSIRO Hlth & Biosecur, Canberra, ACT 2601 - Australia

^[32] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1 - Canada

^[33] Natl Univ Rio Cuarto, Natl Sci & Tech Res Council, Geol Dept, FCEFQyN, ICBIA, CONICET, X5804 BYA, Rio Cuarto - Argentina

^[34] Brandenburg Tech Univ Cottbus, Dept Ecol, D-03046 Cottbus - Germany

^[35] Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, INRA, Eco&Sols, IRD, CIRAD, F-34060 Montpellier - France

^[36] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 - USA

^[37] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin 4 - Ireland

^[38] Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Earth Inst, Dublin 4 - Ireland

^[39] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 - USA

^[40] Site Agroparc, INRA, EMMAH, UMR 1114, F-84914 Avignon - France

^[41] Wageningen Univ & Res, Farming Syst Ecol, NL-6700 AK Wageningen - Netherlands

^[42] Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3 - Canada

^[43] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Biol Environm & Rural Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, Dyfed - Wales

^[44] Royal Agr Univ, Sch Agr Food & Environm, Cirencester GL7 6JS - England

^[45] SUNY Coll Cortland, Dept Biol Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 - USA

^[46] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Biol, Biodivers Ecol & Evolut, Madrid 28040 - Spain

^[47] Univ Nacl Lujan, Inst Ecol & Desarrollo Sustentable, Lab Ecol, RA-6700 Lujan - Argentina

^[48] Louis Bolk Inst, NL-3981 AJ Bunnik - Netherlands

^[49] Univ Trier, Fac Reg & Environm Sci, Dept Soil Sci, Campus 2, D-54286 Trier - Germany

^[50] Univ Nacl Lujan, Inst Ecol & Desarrollo Sustentable INEDES, Ciencias Basicas, RA-6700 Lujan - Argentina

^[51] Univ Pompeu Fabra, CSIC, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Barcelona 08003 - Spain

^[52] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 - USA

^[53] Inst Ecol AC, Biodivers & Syst Network, Xalapa 91070, Veracruz - Mexico

^[54] Univ Philippines Mindanao, Dept Biol Sci & Environm Studies, Davao 8000 - Philippines

^[55] Ghent Univ UGent, Environm Toxicol Unit, GhEnToxLab, Lab Environm Toxicol & Aquat Ecol, Campus Coupure, Ghent - Belgium

^[56] Razi Univ, Kermanshah - Iran

^[57] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea - Sweden

^[58] JJ Strossmayer Univ Osijek, Dept Biol, Osijek 31000 - Croatia

^[59] Univ Estadual Maranhao, Postgrad Program Agroecol, Agr Engn, BR-65055310 Sao Luis - Brazil

^[60] Kyushu Univ, Fac Agr, 949 Ohkawauchi, Shiiba 8830402 - Japan

^[61] Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, St Paul, MN 55155 - USA

^[62] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, DK-8600 Aarhus - Denmark

^[63] Northern Kentucky Univ, Biol Sci, Highland Hts, KY 41099 - USA

^[64] Colegio Frontera Sur, Agr Soc & Ambiente, Lerma 24500, Campeche - Mexico

^[65] Wageningen Univ & Res, Soil Phys & Land Management Degradat, NL-6708 PB Wageningen - Netherlands

^[66] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Jyvaskyla 40014 - Finland

^[67] Lincoln Univ Missouri, Coll Agr Environm & Human Sci, Jefferson City, MO 65101 - USA

^[68] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 - USA

^[69] Banats Univ Agr Sci & Vet Med King Michael 1st Ro, Sustainable Dev & Environm Engn, Timisoara 300645 - Romania

^[70] Leibniz Ctr Agr Landscape Res ZALF, Expt Infrastruct Platform, D-15374 Muncheberg - Germany

^[71] Fukushima Univ, Fac Food & Agr Sci, Kanayagawa 1, Fukushima - Japan

^[72] Matej Bel Univ, Fac Nat Sci, Dept Environm Management, Banska Bystrica - Slovakia

^[73] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lancaster LA1 4AP - England

^[74] Leibniz Ctr Agr Landscape Res ZALF, Land Use & Governance, D-15374 Muncheberg - Germany

^[75] Umea Univ, Climate Impacts Res Ctr, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, S-90187 Umea - Sweden

^[76] Univ Nangui Abrogoua, UFR Sci Nat, UR Gest Durable Sols, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02 - Cote Ivoire

^[77] Tarbiat Modares Univ, Fac Nat Resources & Marine Sci, Noor 4641776489, Mazandaran - Iran

^[78] Nat Resources Inst Finland, Hort Technol, Prod Syst, Jyvaskyla 40500 - Finland

^[79] Pachhunga Univ Coll, Dept Zool, Aizawl 796001 - India

^[80] Univ Sao Paulo, Soil Sci, ESALQ, BR-13418 Piracicaba - Brazil

^[81] Univ Hawaii, Coll Agr Forestry & Nat Resource Management, Hilo, HI 96720 - USA

^[82] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 - USA

^[83] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 - USA

^[84] Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, UR Syst Perennes, F-34398 Montpellier - France

^[85] Czech Univ Life Sci Prague, Fac Forestry & Wood Sci, Dept Forest Ecol, Prague 16521 - Czech Republic

^[86] Forest Res Inst Baden Wuerttemberg, Dept Soil & Environm, D-79100 Freiburg - Germany

^[87] Thuenen Inst Organ Farming, D-23847 Westerau - Germany

^[88] Univ Extremadura, Forestry Sch, INDEHESA, Plasencia 10600 - Spain

^[89] El Colegio Frontera Sur, Conservac Biodiversidad, Campeche 24500 - Mexico

^[90] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, B-3001 Leuven - Belgium

^[91] Res Inst Nat & Forest, B-9500 Geraardsbergen - Belgium

^[92] Bern Univ Appl Sci, Sch Agr Forest & Food Sci, CH-3052 Zollikofen - Switzerland

^[93] Nat Resources Inst Finland Luke, Soil Ecosyst, Jokioinen 31600 - Finland

^[94] Nat Area Consultants, 1 West Hill Sch Rd, Richford, NY 13835 - USA

^[95] Pocker Sahib Mem Orphanage Coll, Dept Zool, Malappuram, Kerala - India

^[96] CSIRO Ocean & Atmosphere, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234 - Australia

^[97] Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, Stn Biolog Roscoff, UMR7144 Adaptat & Diversite Milieu Marin, F-29688 Roscoff - France

^[98] INRA, UMR SAS, Agrocampus Ouest, F-35000 Rennes - France

^[99] Univ Alcala De Henares, Dept Life Sci, Ecol & Forest Restorat Grp, Alcala De Henares 28801 - Spain

^[100] Vigo, ESEI, Comp, Edf Politecn Campus Lagoas, Orense 32004 - Spain

^[101] Museum Natl Hist Nat, CNRS, UMR 7179, Adaptat Vivant, F-91800 Brunoy - France

^[102] King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Environm Studies, Jeddah 21589 - Saudi Arabia

^[103] Univ Islamabad, COMSATS, Environm Sci, Subcampus Vehari, Vehari 61100 - Pakistan

^[104] Univ Vigo, Escuela Super Ingn Informat, Dept Informat, Vigo 36310 - Spain

^[105] Univ Alcala De Henares, Dept Life Sci, Grp Global Change Ecol & Evolut GloCEE, Alcala De Henares 28805 - Spain

^[106] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55101 - USA

^[107] Friends Mississippi River, 101 East Fifth St, St Paul, MN 55108 - USA

^[108] Univ Fed Maranhao, Postgrad Program Biodivers & Conservat, BR-65080805 Sao Luis - Brazil

^[109] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Environm Sci, PL-30087 Krakow - Poland

^[110] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Ecol, D-10587 Berlin - Germany

^[111] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 - USA

^[112] Leibniz Inst Agr Engn & Bioecon ATB, Engn Crop Prod, D-14469 Potsdam - Germany

^[113] Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Sch Agr & Food Sci, Belfield - Ireland

^[114] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geoecol, Landscape Ecol & Environm Syst Anal, D-38106 Braunschweig - Germany

^[115] Univ Innsbruck, Dept Ecol, A-6020 Innsbruck - Austria

^[116] Eurac Res, Inst Alpine Environm, I-39100 Bolzano - Italy

^[117] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Physicochem & Biol Problems Soil Sci, Lab Ecosyst Modeling, Pushchino 142290 - Russia

^[118] Russian Acad Sci, Branch Keldysh Inst Appl Math, Inst Math Problems Biology, Lab Computat Ecol, Pushchino 142290 - Russia

^[119] Khalsa Coll Amritsar, Post Grad Dept Zool, Amritsar 143002, Punjab - India

^[120] Univ Toronto, John H Daniels Fac Architecture Landscape & Desig, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3 - Canada

^[121] Univ La Laguna, Dept Anim Biol, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200 - Spain

^[122] Kochi Univ, Fac Agr, Monobe Otsu 200, Nankoku, Kochi 7838502 - Japan

^[123] WWF Netherlands, Food & Agr, NL-3708 JB Zeist - Netherlands

^[124] Univ Publ Navarra, IS FOOD, Dpto Ciencias, Edificio Olivos Campus Arrosadia, Pamplona 31006 - Spain

^[125] Univ Minnesota, Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 - USA

^[126] Earth Innovat Inst, 98 Battery St, San Francisco, CA 94111 - USA

^[127] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 - USA

^[128] McGill Univ, Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9 - Canada

^[129] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203 - USA

^[130] Justus Liebig Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, D-35392 Giessen - Germany

^[131] Inst North Ind Ecol Problems, Kola Sci Ctr, Lab Terr Ecosyst, Apatity 184211 - Russia

^[132] Henan Univ, Coll Environm & Planning, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geospatial Technol Middle & Lower Yellow, Kaifeng 475004 - Peoples R China

^[133] Univ Helsinki, Fac Biol & Environm Sci, FI-00014 Helsinki - Finland

^[134] St Marys Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Halifax, NS - Canada

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Science; v. 366, n. 6464, p. 480+, OCT 25 2019.
• Web of Science Citations: 2

Abstract

Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, high species dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere. Climate variables were found to be more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties or habitat cover. These findings suggest that climate change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/22510-8 - Soil engineering by macroinvertebrates: controls on soil organic matter storage across land use change
• Grantee: Andre Luiz Custodio Franco
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate