Characterization of the planetary nebula Tc 1 based on VLT X-shooter observations

Author(s):Show less -

Aleman, Isabel ^{[1, 2, 3]} ; Leal-Ferreira, Marcelo L. ^{[4, 1]} ; Cami, Jan ^{[5, 6, 7]} ; Akras, Stavros ^{[8, 9]} ; Ochsendorf, Bram ^[10] ; Wesson, Roger ; Morisset, Christophe ^[11] ; Cox, Nick L. J. ^[12] ; Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo ^[12] ; Paladini, Carlos E. ^[3] ; Peeters, Els ^{[5, 6, 7]} ; Stock, David J. ^[5] ; Monteiro, Hektor ^[2] ; Tielens, Alexander G. G. M. ^[1]

Affiliation:Show less -

^[1] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden - Netherlands

^[2] Univ Fed Itajuba, Inst Fis & Quim, Ave BPS 1303 Pinheirinho, BR-37500903 Itajuba, MG - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, IAG USP, Rua Matao 1226, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[4] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, Hugel 71, D-53121 Bonn - Germany

^[5] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7 - Canada

^[6] Univ Western Ontario, Inst Earth & Space Explorat, London, ON N6A 3K7 - Canada

^[7] SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043 - USA

^[8] Univ Fed Rio Grande, Inst Matemat Estat & Fis, BR-96203900 Rio Grande - Brazil

^[9] Observ Nacl MCTIC, Rua Gen Jose Cristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ - Brazil

^[10] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 - USA

^[11] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Apartado Postal 106, Ensenada 22800, Baja California - Mexico

^[12] ACRI ST, 260 Route Pin Montard, BP 234, F-06904 Sophia Antipolis - France

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society; v. 490, n. 2, p. 2475-2494, DEC 2019.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

We present a detailed analysis of deep VLT/X-Shooter observations of the planetary nebula Tc 1. We calculate gas temperature, density, extinction, and abundances for several species from the empirical analysis of the total line fluxes. In addition, a spatially resolved analysis of the most intense lines provides the distribution of such quantities across the nebula. The new data reveal that several lines exhibit a double peak spectral profile consistent with the blue and redshifted components of an expanding spherical shell. The study of such components allowed us to construct for the first time a three-dimensional morphological model, which reveals that Tc 1 is a slightly elongated spheroid with an equatorial density enhancement seen almost pole on. A few bright lines present extended wings (with velocities up to a few hundred km s-1), but the mechanism producing them is not clear. We constructed photoionization models for the main shell of Tc 1. The models predict the central star temperature and luminosity, as well as the nebular density and abundances similar to previous studies. Our models indicate that Tc 1 is located at a distance of approximately 2?kpc. We report the first detection of the {[}Kr III] 6825 angstrom emission line, from which we determine the Krypton abundance. Our model indicates that the main shell of Tc 1 is matter bounded; leaking H ionizing photons may explain the ionization of its faint AGB-remnant halo. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 09/54006-4 - A computer cluster for the Astronomy Department of the University of São Paulo Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences and for the Cruzeiro do Sul University Astrophysics Center
• Grantee: Elisabete Maria de Gouveia Dal Pino
• Support Opportunities: Multi-user Equipment Program