Design and construction of a new detector to measure ultra-low radioactive-isotope contamination of argon

Author(s):Show less -

Aalseth, C. E. ^[1] ; Abdelhakim, S. ^[2] ; Acerbi, F. ^{[3, 4]} ; Agnes, P. ^[5] ; Ajaj, R. ^[6] ; Albuquerque, I. F. M. ^[7] ; Alexander, T. ^[1] ; Alici, A. ^{[8, 9]} ; Alton, A. K. ^[10] ; Amaudruz, P. ^[11] ; Ameli, F. ^[12] ; Anstey, J. ^[6] ; Antonioli, P. ^[8] ; Arba, M. ^[13] ; Arcelli, S. ^{[8, 9]} ; Ardito, R. ^{[14, 15]} ; Arnquist, I. J. ^[1] ; Arpaia, P. ^{[16, 17]} ; Asner, D. M. ^[18] ; Asunskis, A. ^[19] ; Ave, M. ^[7] ; Back, H. O. ^[1] ; Barbaryan, V ^[20] ; Barrado Olmedo, A. ^[21] ; Batignani, G. ^{[22, 23]} ; Bisogni, M. G. ^{[22, 23]} ; Bocci, V ^[12] ; Bondar, A. ^{[24, 25]} ; Bonfini, G. ^[26] ; Bonivento, W. ^[13] ; Borisova, E. ^{[24, 25]} ; Bottino, B. ^{[27, 28]} ; Boulay, M. G. ^[6] ; Bunker, R. ^[1] ; Bussino, S. ^{[29, 30]} ; Buzulutskov, A. ^{[24, 25]} ; Cadeddu, M. ^{[13, 31]} ; Cadoni, M. ^{[13, 31]} ; Caminata, A. ^[27] ; Canci, N. ^{[5, 26]} ; Candela, A. ^[26] ; Cantini, C. ^[32] ; Caravati, M. ^[13] ; Cariello, M. ^[27] ; Carnesecchi, F. ^{[33, 8, 9, 34]} ; Carpinelli, M. ^{[35, 36]} ; Castellani, A. ^{[14, 15]} ; Castello, P. ^{[13, 37]} ; Catalanotti, S. ^{[16, 38]} ; Cataudella, V ^{[16, 38]} ; Cavalcante, P. ^{[39, 26]} ; Cavazza, D. ^[8] ; Cavuoti, S. ^{[16, 38]} ; Cebrian, S. ^[40] ; Ruiz, J. M. Cela ^[21] ; Celano, B. ^[16] ; Cereseto, R. ^[27] ; Cheng, W. ^{[41, 42]} ; Chepurnov, A. ^[20] ; Cicalo, C. ^[13] ; Cifarelli, L. ^{[8, 9]} ; Citterio, M. ^[14] ; Coccetti, F. ^{[33, 34]} ; Cocco, A. G. ^[16] ; Cocco, V ^[13] ; Colocci, M. ^{[8, 9]} ; Consiglio, L. ^[43] ; Cossio, F. ^{[41, 42]} ; Covone, G. ^{[16, 38]} ; Crivelli, P. ^[32] ; D'Antone, I ^[8] ; D'Incecco, M. ^[26] ; D'Urso, D. ^{[35, 36]} ; Rolo, M. D. Rocha ^[41] ; Dadoun, O. ^[44] ; Daniel, M. ^[21] ; Davini, S. ^[27] ; De Candia, A. ^{[16, 38]} ; De Cecco, S. ^{[12, 45]} ; De Deo, M. ^[26] ; De Falco, A. ^{[13, 31]} ; De Filippis, G. ^{[16, 38]} ; De Gruttola, D. ^{[33, 34, 46]} ; De Guido, G. ^{[14, 47]} ; De Rosa, G. ^{[16, 38]} ; Dellacasa, G. ^[41] ; Demontis, P. ^{[35, 36, 48]} ; DePaquale, S. ^[46] ; Derbin, V, A. ; Devoto, A. ^{[13, 31]} ; Di Eusanio, F. ^{[49, 26]} ; Di Noto, L. ^{[27, 28]} ; Di Pietro, G. ^{[14, 26]} ; Di Stefano, P. ^[50] ; Dionisi, C. ^{[12, 45]} ; Dolganov, G. ^[51] ; Dordei, F. ^[13] ; Downing, M. ^{[52, 53]} ; Edalatfar, F. ^[11] ; Empl, A. ^[5] ; Diaz, M. Fernandez ^[21] ; Ferri, A. ^{[3, 4]} ; Filip, C. ^[54] ; Fiorillo, G. ^{[16, 38]} ; Fomenko, K. ^[55] ; Franceschi, A. ^[56] ; Franco, D. ^[57] ; Froudakis, G. E. ^[58] ; Gabriele, F. ^[26] ; Gabrieli, A. ^{[35, 36]} ; Galbiati, C. ^{[43, 49]} ; Garbini, M. ^{[33, 8, 34]} ; Abia, P. Garcia ^[21] ; Gascon Fora, D. ^[59] ; Gendotti, A. ^[32] ; Ghiano, C. ^[26] ; Ghisi, A. ^{[14, 15]} ; Giagu, S. ^{[12, 45]} ; Giampa, P. ^[11] ; Giampaolo, R. A. ^{[41, 42]} ; Giganti, C. ^[44] ; Giorgi, M. A. ^{[22, 23]} ; Giovanetti, G. K. ^[49] ; Gligan, M. L. ^[54] ; Gola, A. ^{[3, 4]} ; Gorchakov, O. ^[55] ; Grab, M. ^[60] ; Graciani Diaz, R. ^[59] ; Granato, F. ^[61] ; Grassi, M. ^[22] ; Grate, J. W. ^[1] ; Grigoriev, G. Y. ^[51] ; Grobov, A. ^{[62, 51]} ; Gromov, M. ^[20] ; Guan, M. ^[63] ; Guerra, M. B. B. ^[19] ; Guerzoni, M. ^[8] ; Gulino, M. ^{[36, 64]} ; Haaland, R. K. ^[65] ; Hackett, B. R. ^[66] ; Hallin, A. ^[67] ; Harrop, B. ^[49] ; Hoppe, E. W. ^[1] ; Horikawa, S. ^{[43, 26]} ; Hosseini, B. ^[13] ; Hubaut, F. ^[68] ; Humble, P. ^[1] ; Hungerford, V, E. ; Ianni, An ^{[49, 26]} ; Ilyasov, A. ^{[62, 51]} ; Ippolito, V ^[12] ; Jillings, C. ^{[69, 70]} ; Keeter, K. ^[19] ; Kendziora, C. L. ^[71] ; Kim, S. ^[61] ; Kochanek, I ^[26] ; Kondo, K. ^[43] ; Kopp, G. ^[49] ; Korablev, D. ^[55] ; Korga, G. ^{[72, 26]} ; Kubankin, A. ^[73] ; Kugathasan, R. ^{[41, 42]} ; Kuss, M. ^[22] ; Kuzniak, M. ^{[6, 74]} ; La Commara, M. ^{[16, 75]} ; La Delfa, L. ^[13] ; Lai, M. ^{[13, 31]} ; Langrock, S. ^[69] ; Lebois, M. ^[2] ; Lehnert, B. ^[67] ; Levashko, N. ^{[62, 51]} ; Li, X. ^[49] ; Liqiang, Q. ^[2] ; Lissia, M. ^[13] ; Lodi, G. U. ^{[14, 47]} ; Longo, G. ^{[16, 38]} ; Lopez Manzano, R. ^[21] ; Lussana, R. ^{[14, 76]} ; Luzzi, L. ^{[14, 77]} ; Machado, A. A. ^[78] ; Machulin, I. N. ^{[62, 51]} ; Mandarano, A. ^{[43, 26]} ; Mapelli, L. ^[49] ; Marcante, M. ^{[3, 4, 79]} ; Margotti, A. ^[8] ; Mari, S. M. ^{[29, 30]} ; Mariani, M. ^{[14, 77]} ; Maricic, J. ^[66] ; Marinelli, M. ^{[27, 28]} ; Marras, D. ^[13] ; Martinez, M. ^{[40, 80]} ; Martinez Morales, J. J. ^[21] ; Rojas, A. D. Martinez ^{[41, 42]} ; Martoff, C. J. ^[61] ; Mascia, M. ^{[13, 81]} ; Mason, J. ^[6] ; Masoni, A. ^[13] ; Mazzi, A. ^{[3, 4]} ; McDonald, A. B. ^[50] ; Messina, A. ^{[12, 45]} ; Meyers, P. D. ^[49] ; Miletic, T. ^[66] ; Milincic, R. ^[66] ; Moggi, A. ^[22] ; Moioli, S. ^{[14, 47]} ; Monroe, J. ^[82] ; Morrocchi, M. ^[22] ; Mroz, T. ^[60] ; Mu, W. ^[32] ; Muratova, V. N. ^[83] ; Murphy, S. ^[32] ; Muscas, C. ^{[13, 37]} ; Musico, P. ^[27] ; Nania, R. ^[8] ; Napolitano, T. ^[56] ; Agasson, A. Navrer ^[44] ; Nessi, M. ^[84] ; Nikulin, I ^[73] ; Oleinik, A. ^[73] ; Oleynikov, V ^{[24, 25]} ; Orsini, M. ^[26] ; Ortica, F. ^{[85, 86]} ; Pagani, L. ^[87] ; Pallavicini, M. ^{[27, 28]} ; Palmas, S. ^{[13, 81]} ; Pandola, L. ^[36] ; Pantic, E. ^[87] ; Paoloni, E. ^{[22, 23]} ; Paternoster, G. ^{[3, 4]} ; Pazzona, F. ^{[35, 36]} ; Peeters, S. ^[88] ; Pegoraro, P. A. ^{[13, 37]} ; Pelczar, K. ^[26] ; Pellegrini, L. A. ^{[14, 47]} ; Pellegrino, C. ^{[33, 8, 34]} ; Pelliccia, N. ^{[85, 86]} ; Perotti, F. ^{[14, 15]} ; Pesudo, V ^[21] ; Picciau, E. ^{[13, 31]} ; Piemonte, C. ^{[3, 4]} ; Pietropaolo, F. ^[84] ; Pocar, A. ^{[52, 53]} ; Pollmann, T. R. ^[89] ; Portaluppi, D. ^{[14, 76]} ; Poudel, S. S. ^[72] ; Pralavorio, P. ^[68] ; Price, D. ^[90] ; Radics, B. ^[32] ; Raffaelli, F. ^[22] ; Ragusa, F. ^{[91, 14]} ; Razeti, M. ^[13] ; Razeto, A. ^[26] ; Regazzoni, V ^{[3, 4, 79]} ; Regenfus, C. ^[32] ; Renshaw, A. L. ^[72] ; Rescia, S. ^[18] ; Rescigno, M. ^[12] ; Retiere, F. ^[11] ; Rignanese, L. P. ^{[33, 8, 9, 34]} ; Rivetti, A. ^[41] ; Romani, A. ^{[85, 86]} ; Romero, L. ^[21] ; Rossi, N. ^{[12, 26]} ; Rubbia, A. ^[32] ; Sablone, D. ^{[61, 26]} ; Sala, P. ^[84] ; Salatino, P. ^{[16, 92]} ; Samoylov, O. ^[55] ; Sanchez Garcia, E. ^[21] ; Sanfilippo, S. ^{[29, 30]} ; Sant, M. ^{[35, 36]} ; Santone, D. ^[82] ; Santorelli, R. ^[21] ; Savarese, C. ^[49] ; Scapparone, E. ^[8] ; Schlitzer, B. ^[87] ; Scioli, G. ^{[8, 9]} ; Segreto, E. ^[78] ; Seifert, A. ^[1] ; Semenov, D. A. ^[83] ; Shchagin, A. ^[73] ; Sheshukov, A. ^[55] ; Siddhanta, S. ^[13] ; Simeone, M. ^{[16, 92]} ; Singh, P. N. ^[72] ; Skensved, P. ^[50] ; Skorokhvatov, M. D. ^{[62, 51]} ; Smirnov, O. ^[55] ; Sobrero, G. ^[27] ; Sokolov, A. ^{[24, 25]} ; Sotnikov, A. ^[55] ; Stainforth, R. ^[6] ; Steri, A. ^[13] ; Stracka, S. ^[22] ; Strickland, V ^[6] ; Suffritti, G. B. ^{[35, 36, 48]} ; Sulis, S. ^{[13, 37]} ; Suvorov, Y. ^{[51, 16, 38]} ; Szelc, A. M. ^[90] ; Tartaglia, R. ^[26] ; Testera, G. ^[27] ; Thorpe, T. ^{[43, 26]} ; Tonazzo, A. ^[57] ; Tosi, A. ^{[14, 76]} ; Tuveri, M. ^[13] ; Unzhakov, V, E. ; Usai, G. ^{[13, 31]} ; Vacca, A. ^{[13, 81]} ; Vazquez-Jauregui, E. ^[93] ; Verducci, M. ^{[12, 45]} ; Viant, T. ^[32] ; Viel, S. ^[6] ; Villa, F. ^{[14, 76]} ; Vishneva, A. ^[55] ; Vogelaar, R. B. ^[39] ; Wada, M. ^{[13, 74]} ; Wahl, J. ^[1] ; Walding, J. J. ^[82] ; Wang, H. ^[94] ; Wang, Y. ^[94] ; Westerdale, S. ^[6] ; Wheadon, R. J. ^[41] ; Williams, R. ^[1] ; Wilson, J. ^[2] ; Wojcik, Marcin ^[60] ; Wojcik, Mariusz ^[95] ; Wu, S. ^[32] ; Xiao, X. ^[94] ; Yang, C. ^[63] ; Ye, Z. ^[72] ; Zuffa, M. ^[8] ; Zuzel, G. ^[60] ; Collaboration, DarkSide-20k

Affiliation:Show less -

^[1] Pacif Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 - USA

^[2] Inst Phys Nucl Orsay, F-91406 Orsay - France

^[3] Fdn Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo - Italy

^[4] Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat, I-38123 Povo - Italy

^[5] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 - USA

^[6] Carleton Univ, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 - Canada

^[7] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[8] INFN Bologna, I-40126 Bologna - Italy

^[9] Univ Bologna, Phys Dept, I-40126 Bologna - Italy

^[10] Augustana Univ, Phys Dept, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 - USA

^[11] TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 - Canada

^[12] INFN, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome - Italy

^[13] INFN Cagliari, I-09042 Cagliari - Italy

^[14] INFN Milano, I-20133 Milan - Italy

^[15] Politecn Milan, Civil & Environm Engn Dept, I-20133 Milan - Italy

^[16] INFN Napoli, I-80126 Naples - Italy

^[17] Univ Federico II Napoli, Dept Elect Engn & Informat Technol, I-80125 Naples - Italy

^[18] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 - USA

^[19] Black Hills State Univ, Sch Nat Sci, Spearfish, SD 57799 - USA

^[20] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119234 - Russia

^[21] CIEMAT, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid - Spain

^[22] INFN Pisa, I-56127 Pisa - Italy

^[23] Univ Pisa, Phys Dept, I-56127 Pisa - Italy

^[24] Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk 630090 - Russia

^[25] Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090 - Russia

^[26] INFN, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67100 Laquila - Italy

^[27] INFN Genova, I-16146 Genoa - Italy

^[28] Univ Genoa, Phys Dept, I-16146 Genoa - Italy

^[29] INFN Roma Tre, I-00146 Rome - Italy

^[30] Univ Roma Tre, Math & Phys Dept, I-00146 Rome - Italy

^[31] Univ Cagliari, Phys Dept, I-09042 Cagliari - Italy

^[32] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Particle Phys, CH-8093 Zurich - Switzerland

^[33] Ctr & Ric Enrico Fermi, I-00184 Rome - Italy

^[34] Museo Fis, I-00184 Rome - Italy

^[35] Univ Sassari, Chem & Pharm Dept, I-07100 Sassari - Italy

^[36] INFN, Lab Nazl Sud, I-95123 Catania - Italy

^[37] Dept Elect & Elect Engn, I-09023 Cagliari - Italy

^[38] Univ Federico II Napoli, Phys Dept, I-80126 Naples - Italy

^[39] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 - USA

^[40] Univ Zaragoza, Ctr Astroparticulas & Fis Altas Energias, E-50009 Zaragoza - Spain

^[41] INFN Torino, I-10125 Turin - Italy

^[42] Politecn Torino, Dept Elect & Commun, I-10129 Turin - Italy

^[43] Gran Sasso Sci Inst, I-67100 Laquila - Italy

^[44] Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, AqLPNHE, CNRS, IN2P3, F-75252 Paris - France

^[45] Sapienza Univ Roma, Phys Dept, I-00185 Rome - Italy

^[46] INFN Salerno, I-84084 Salerno - Italy

^[47] Politecn Milan, Chem Mat & Chem Engn Dept G Natta, I-20133 Milan - Italy

^[48] Interuniv Consortium Sci & Technol Mat, I-50121 Florence - Italy

^[49] Princeton Univ, Phys Dept, Princeton, NJ 08544 - USA

^[50] Queens Univ, Dept Phys Engn Phys & Astron, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 - Canada

^[51] Natl Res Ctr Kurchatov Inst, Moscow 123182 - Russia

^[52] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst Ctr Fundamental Interact, Amherst, MA 01003 - USA

^[53] Univ Massachusetts, Phys Dept, Amherst, MA 01003 - USA

^[54] Natl Inst R&D Isotop & Mol Technol, Cluj Napoca 400293 - Romania

^[55] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980 - Russia

^[56] INFN, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati - Italy

^[57] Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu, Obs Paris, USPC, F-75205 Paris - France

^[58] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, POB 2208, Iraklion 71003 - Greece

^[59] Univ Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia - Spain

^[60] Jagiellonian Univ, M Smoluchowski Inst Phys, PL-30348 Krakow - Poland

^[61] Temple Univ, Phys Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19122 - USA

^[62] Natl Res Nucl Univ MEPhI, Moscow 115409 - Russia

^[63] Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049 - Peoples R China

^[64] Univ Enna Kore, Engn & Architecture Fac, I-94100 Enna - Italy

^[65] Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Durango, CO 81301 - USA

^[66] Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 - USA

^[67] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 - Canada

^[68] Aix Marseille Univ, Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille - France

^[69] Laurentian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6 - Canada

^[70] SNOLAB, Lively, ON P3Y 1N2 - Canada

^[71] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 - USA

^[72] Hungerford, E., V, Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 - USA

^[73] Belgorod Natl Res Univ, Radiat Phys Lab, Belgorod 308007 - Russia

^[74] Polish Acad Sci, AstroCeNT, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Rektorska 4, PL-00614 Warsaw - Poland

^[75] Univ Federico II Napoli, Pharm Dept, I-80131 Naples - Italy

^[76] Politecn Milan, Elect Informat & Bioengn Dept, I-20133 Milan - Italy

^[77] Politecn Milan, Energy Dept, I-20133 Milan - Italy

^[78] Univ Estadual Campinas, Phys Inst, BR-13083 Campinas - Brazil

^[79] Univ Trento, Phys Dept, I-38123 Povo - Italy

^[80] Fdn Agencia Aragonesa Invest & Desarrollo Gobiern, ARAID, Zaragoza 50018 - Spain

^[81] Dept Mech Chem & Mat Engn, I-09042 Cagliari - Italy

^[82] Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Phys, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey - England

^[83] Derbin, A., V, V, St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350 - Russia

^[84] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-231211 Geneva - Switzerland

^[85] Univ Perugia, Chem Biol & Biotechnol Dept, I-06123 Perugia - Italy

^[86] INFN Perugia, I-06123 Perugia - Italy

^[87] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 - USA

^[88] Univ Sussex, Phys & Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex - England

^[89] Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-80333 Munich - Germany

^[90] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs - England

^[91] Univ Milan, Phys Dept, I-20133 Milan - Italy

^[92] Univ Federico II Napoli, Chem Mat & Ind Prod Engn Dept, I-80126 Naples - Italy

^[93] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF - Mexico

^[94] Univ Calif Lso Angeles, Phys & Astron Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90095 - USA

^[95] Lodz Univ Technol, Inst Appl Radiat Chem, PL-93590 Lodz - Poland

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Journal of Instrumentation; v. 15, n. 2 FEB 2020.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

Large liquid argon detectors offer one of the best avenues for the detection of galactic weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) via their scattering on atomic nuclei. The liquid argon target allows exquisite discrimination between nuclear and electron recoil signals via pulse-shape discrimination of the scintillation signals. Atmospheric argon (AAr), however, has a naturally occurring radioactive isotope, Ar-39, a beta emitter of cosmogenic origin. For large detectors, the atmospheric Ar-39 activity poses pile-up concerns. The use of argon extracted from underground wells, deprived of Ar-39, is key to the physics potential of these experiments. The DarkSide-20k dark matter search experiment will operate a dual-phase time projection chamber with 50 tonnes of radio-pure underground argon (UAr), that was shown to be depleted of Ar-39 with respect to AAr by a factor larger than 1400. Assessing the Ar-39 content of the UAr during extraction is crucial for the success of DarkSide-20k, as well as for future experiments of the Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration (GADMC). This will be carried out by the DArT in ArDM experiment, a small chamber made with extremely radio-pure materials that will be placed at the centre of the ArDM detector, in the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC) in Spain. The ArDM LAr volume acts as an active veto for background radioactivity, mostly gamma-rays from the ArDM detector materials and the surrounding rock. This article describes the DArT in ArDM project, including the chamber design and construction, and reviews the background required to achieve the expected performance of the detector. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 16/09084-0 - Dark matter direct detection and the DarkSide experiment
• Grantee: Ivone Freire da Mota e Albuquerque
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants