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(Reference retrieved automatically from SciELO through information on FAPESP grant and its corresponding number as mentioned in the publication by the authors.)

Host-shift as the cause of emerging infectious diseases: Experimental approaches using Drosophila-virus interactions

Full text
Author(s):
André C. Pimentel [1] ; Camila S. Beraldo ; Rodrigo Cogni [3]
Total Authors: 3
Affiliation:
[1] Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências. Departamento de Ecologia - Brasil
[3] Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências. Departamento de Ecologia - Brasil
Total Affiliations: 3
Document type: Journal article
Source: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; v. 44, n. 1 2020-11-23.
Abstract

Abstract Host shifts, when a cross-species transmission of a pathogen can lead to successful infections, are the main cause of emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. A complex challenge faced by the scientific community is to address the factors that determine whether the cross-species transmissions will result in spillover or sustained onwards infections. Here we review recent literature and present a perspective on current approaches we are using to understand the mechanisms underlying host shifts. We highlight the usefulness of the interactions between Drosophila species and viruses as an ideal study model. Additionally, we discuss how cross-infection experiments — when pathogens from a natural reservoir are intentionally injected in novel host species— can test the effect cross-species transmissions may have on the fitness of virus and host, and how the host phylogeny may influence this response. We also discuss experiments evaluating how cooccurrence with other viruses or the presence of the endosymbiont bacteria Wolbachia may affect the performance of new viruses in a novel host. Finally, we discuss the need of surveys of virus diversity in natural populations using next-generation sequencing technologies. In the long term, these approaches can contribute to a better understanding of the basic biology of host shifts. (AU)

FAPESP's process: 16/09934-4 - Influence of host's evolutionary history on parasite and host fitness: a case study of drosophilids and Drosophila a virus
Grantee:Camila Souza Beraldo
Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
FAPESP's process: 17/11774-8 - Phylogenetic mixed models and host-parasite interaction: implications of hosts phylogeny on the fitness of the interacting species
Grantee:Camila Souza Beraldo
Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Master's degree
FAPESP's process: 13/25991-0 - Ecological genomics of insects: climate adaptations and evolution of ecological interactions
Grantee:Rodrigo Cogni
Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants
FAPESP's process: 15/08307-3 - Evolution of virus resistance in D. melanogaster: effects of the endosymbiont Wolbachia and polymorphisms in the gene pastrel in a selection experiment
Grantee:Rodrigo Cogni
Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research