Genetic structure and molecular diversity of Brazilian grapevine germplasm: Management and use in breeding programs

Author(s)

de Oliveira, Geovani Luciano ^[1] ; de Souza, Anete Pereira ^{[2, 3]} ; de Oliveira, Fernanda Ancelmo ^[2] ; Zucchi, Maria Imaculada ^[4] ; de Souza, Livia Moura ^[2] ; Moura, Mara Fernandes ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Agron Inst IAC, Adv Fruit Res Ctr, Jundiai, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Campinas UNICAMP, Mol Biol & Genet Engn Ctr CBMEG, Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Campinas UNICAMP, Biol Inst, Dept Plant Biol, Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[4] Agribusiness Technol Dev Sao Paulo APTA, Lab Conservat Genet & Genom, Piracicaba, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: PLoS One; v. 15, n. 10 OCT 15 2020.
• Web of Science Citations: 1

Abstract

The management of germplasm banks is complex, especially when many accessions are involved. Microsatellite markers are an efficient tool for assessing the genetic diversity of germplasm collections, optimizing their use in breeding programs. This study genetically characterizes a large collection of 410 grapevine accessions maintained at the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC) (Brazil). The accessions were genotyped with 17 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. Genetic data were analyzed to determine the genetic structure of the germplasm, quantify its allelic diversity, suggest the composition of a core collection, and discover cases of synonymy, duplication, and misnaming. A total of 304 alleles were obtained, and 334 unique genotypes were identified. The molecular profiles of 145 accessions were confirmed according to the literature and databases, and the molecular profiles of more than 100 genotypes were reported for the first time. The analysis of the genetic structure revealed different levels of stratification. The primary division was between accessions related toVitis viniferaandV.labrusca, followed by their separation from wild grapevine. A core collection of 120 genotypes captured 100% of all detected alleles. The accessions selected for the core collection may be used in future phenotyping efforts, in genome association studies, and for conservation purposes. Genetic divergence among accessions has practical applications in grape breeding programs, as the choice of relatively divergent parents will maximize the frequency of progeny with superior characteristics. Together, our results can enhance the management of grapevine germplasm and guide the efficient exploitation of genetic diversity to facilitate the development of new grape cultivars for fresh fruits, wine, and rootstock. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 18/13539-9 - GENETIC DIVERSITY AS A STRATEGY FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND USE OF GERMPLASM OF Vitis sp. OF THE AGRONOMIC INSTITUTE
• Grantee: Mara Fernandes Moura Furlan
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants