The Role of Periprostatic Adipose Tissue on Prostate Function in Vascular-Related Disorders

Author(s)

Passos, Gabriela Reolon ^[1] ; Ghezzi, Ana Carolina ^[1] ; Antunes, Edson ^[1] ; de Oliveira, Mariana Goncalves ^[1] ; Monica, Fabiola Zakia ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol, UNICAMP, Campinas - Brazil

• Document type: Review article
• Source: FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY; v. 12, FEB 12 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

The lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are highly prevalent worldwide. Clinical and experimental data suggest that the incidence of LUTS-BPH is higher in patients with vascular-related disorders such as in pelvic ischemia, obesity and diabetes as well as in the ageing population. Obesity is an important risk factor that predisposes to glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disorders. Prospective studies showed that obese men are more likely to develop LUTS-BPH than non-obese men. Yet, men with greater waist circumferences were also at a greater risk of increased prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen than men with lower waist circumference. BPH is characterized by an enlarged prostate and increased smooth muscle tone, thus causing urinary symptoms. Data from experimental studies showed a significant increase in prostate and epididymal adipose tissue weight of obese mice when compared with lean mice. Adipose tissues that are in direct contact with specific organs have gained attention due to their potential paracrine role. The prostate gland is surrounded by periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), which is believed to play a paracrine role by releasing growth factors, pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant, contractile and anti-contractile substances that interfere in prostate reactivity and growth. Therefore, this review is divided into two main parts, one focusing on the role of adipokines in the context of obesity that can lead to LUTS/BPH and the second part focusing on the mediators released from PPAT and the possible pathways that may interfere in the prostate microenvironment. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 19/19490-4 - Role of inhibitors of histone deacetylase and DNA-methyltransferase and activator of sirtuin-1 on the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway in the bladder, urethra and prostate under physiological and pathological conditions (obesity and cystitis).
• Grantee: Ana Carolina Ghezzi Beghini
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 18/09765-3 - Voiding and prostatic dysfunction in middle-aged rats and obese mice: focus on NADPH oxidase (NOX)
• Grantee: Mariana Gonçalves de Oliveira Taranto
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 17/15175-1 - Modulation of soluble guanylate cyclase and the intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides in the lower urinary tract and prostate
• Grantee: Edson Antunes
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 18/05956-9 - Characterization of periprostatic adipose tissue in obese mice before and after treatment with beta-3-adrenergic agonist Mirabegron and the effect on prostate functional activity
• Grantee: Gabriela Reolon Passos
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 18/21880-2 - Characterization of the periprostatic adipose tissue and its effect in the functional activity of the prostate from obese mice treated or not with mirabgron, a beta-3 adrenoceptor agonist.
• Grantee: Fabíola Taufic Monica Iglesias
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants