Measurement of the Fluctuations in the Number of Muons in Extensive Air Showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author(s):Show less -

Aab, A. ^[1] ; Abreu, P. ^{[2, 3]} ; Aglietta, M. ^{[4, 5]} ; Albury, J. M. ^[6] ; Allekotte, I ^{[7, 8]} ; Almela, A. ^{[9, 10]} ; Alvarez-Muniz, J. ^[11] ; Batista, R. Alves ^[1] ; Anastasi, G. A. ^{[4, 12]} ; Anchordoqui, L. ^[13] ; Andrada, B. ^[10] ; Andringa, S. ^{[2, 3]} ; Aramo, C. ^[14] ; Ferreira, P. R. Araujo ^[15] ; Asorey, H. ^[10] ; Assis, P. ^{[2, 3]} ; Avila, G. ^{[16, 17]} ; Badescu, A. M. ^[18] ; Bakalova, A. ^[19] ; Balaceanu, A. ^[20] ; Barbato, F. ^{[14, 21]} ; Barreira Luz, R. J. ^{[2, 3]} ; Becker, K. H. ^[22] ; Bellido, J. A. ^[6] ; Berat, C. ^[23] ; Bertaina, M. E. ^{[4, 12]} ; Bertou, X. ^{[7, 8]} ; Biermann, P. L. ^[24] ; Bister, T. ^[15] ; Biteau, J. ^[25] ; Blazek, J. ^[19] ; Bleve, C. ^[23] ; Boncioli, D. ^{[26, 27]} ; Bonifazi, C. ^[28] ; Arbeletche, L. Bonneau ^[29] ; Borodai, N. ^[30] ; Botti, A. M. ^[10] ; Brack, J. ^[31] ; Bretz, T. ^[15] ; Briechle, F. L. ^[15] ; Buchholz, P. ^[32] ; Bueno, A. ^{[33, 34]} ; Buitink, S. ^[35] ; Buscemi, M. ^{[36, 37]} ; Caballero-Mora, K. S. ^[38] ; Caccianiga, L. ^{[39, 40]} ; Cancio, A. ^{[9, 10]} ; Canfora, F. ^{[1, 41]} ; Caracas, I ^[22] ; Carceller, J. M. ^{[33, 34]} ; Caruso, R. ^{[36, 37]} ; Castellina, A. ^{[4, 5]} ; Catalani, F. ^[42] ; Cataldi, G. ^[43] ; Cazon, L. ^{[2, 3]} ; Cerda, M. ^[16] ; Chinellato, J. A. ^[44] ; Choi, K. ^[45] ; Chudoba, J. ^[19] ; Chytka, L. ^[46] ; Clay, R. W. ^[6] ; Cobos Cerutti, A. C. ^{[47, 48]} ; Colalillo, R. ^{[14, 21]} ; Coleman, A. ^[49] ; Coluccia, M. R. ^{[43, 50]} ; Conceicao, R. ^{[2, 3]} ; Condorelli, A. ^{[26, 51]} ; Consolati, G. ^{[40, 52]} ; Contreras, F. ^{[16, 17]} ; Convenga, F. ^{[43, 50]} ; Covault, C. E. ^{[53, 54]} ; Dasso, S. ^{[55, 56, 57, 58]} ; Daumiller, K. ^[59] ; Dawson, B. R. ^[6] ; Day, J. A. ^[6] ; de Almeida, R. M. ^[60] ; de Jesus, J. ^{[59, 10]} ; de Jong, S. J. ^{[1, 41]} ; De Mauro, G. ^{[1, 41]} ; de Mello Neto, J. R. T. ^{[28, 61]} ; De Mitri, I ^{[26, 51]} ; de Oliveira, J. ^[60] ; Franco, D. de Oliveira ^[44] ; de Souza, V ^[62] ; De Vito, E. ^{[43, 50]} ; Debatin, J. ^[63] ; del Rio, M. ^{[16, 17]} ; Deligny, O. ^[25] ; Dembinski, H. ^[59] ; Dhital, N. ^[30] ; Di Matteo, A. ^[4] ; Dobrigkeit, C. ^[44] ; D'Olivo, J. C. ^[64] ; dos Anjos, R. C. ^[65] ; Dova, M. T. ^{[66, 67]} ; Ebr, J. ^[19] ; Engel, R. ^{[59, 63]} ; Epicoco, I ^{[43, 50]} ; Erdmann, M. ^[15] ; Escobar, C. O. ^[68] ; Etchegoyen, A. ^{[9, 10]} ; Falcke, H. ^{[1, 69, 41]} ; Farmer, J. ^[70] ; Farrar, G. ^[71] ; Fauth, A. C. ^[44] ; Fazzini, N. ^[72] ; Feldbusch, F. ^[73] ; Fenu, F. ^{[4, 12]} ; Fick, B. ^[74] ; Figueira, J. M. ^[10] ; Fodran, T. ^[1] ; Freire, M. M. ^{[75, 76]} ; Fujii, T. ^{[70, 77, 78]} ; Fuster, A. ^{[9, 10]} ; Galea, C. ^[1] ; Galelli, C. ^{[39, 40]} ; Garcia, B. ^{[47, 48]} ; Vegas, A. L. Garcia ^[15] ; Gemmeke, H. ^[73] ; Gesualdi, F. ^{[59, 10]} ; Gherghel-Lascu, A. ^[20] ; Ghia, P. L. ^[25] ; Giaccari, U. ^[1] ; Giammarchi, M. ^[40] ; Giller, M. ^[79] ; Glombitza, J. ^[15] ; Gobbi, F. ^[16] ; Gollan, F. ^[10] ; Golup, G. ^{[7, 8]} ; Gomez Berisso, M. ^{[7, 8]} ; Gomez Vitale, P. F. ^{[16, 17]} ; Gongora, J. P. ^{[16, 17]} ; Gonzalez, N. ^[10] ; Goos, I ^{[59, 7, 8]} ; Gora, D. ^[30] ; Gorgi, A. ^{[4, 5]} ; Gottowik, M. ^[22] ; Grubb, T. D. ^[6] ; Guarino, F. ^{[14, 21]} ; Guedes, G. P. ^[80] ; Guido, E. ^{[4, 12]} ; Hahn, S. ^{[59, 10]} ; Halliday, R. ^[53] ; Hampel, M. R. ^[10] ; Hansen, P. ^{[66, 67]} ; Harari, D. ^{[7, 8]} ; Harvey, V. M. ^[6] ; Haungs, A. ^[59] ; Hebbeker, T. ^[15] ; Heck, D. ^[59] ; Hill, G. C. ^[6] ; Hojvat, C. ^[72] ; Horandel, J. R. ^{[1, 41]} ; Horvath, P. ^[46] ; Hrabovsky, M. ^[46] ; Huege, T. ^{[59, 35]} ; Hulsman, J. ^{[59, 10]} ; Insolia, A. ^{[36, 37]} ; Isar, P. G. ^[81] ; Johnsen, J. A. ^[82] ; Jurysek, J. ^[19] ; Kaapa, A. ^[22] ; Kampert, K. H. ^[22] ; Keilhauer, B. ^[59] ; Kemp, J. ^[15] ; Klages, H. O. ^[59] ; Kleifges, M. ^[73] ; Kleinfeller, J. ^[16] ; Kopke, M. ^[63] ; Mezek, G. Kukec ^[83] ; Lago, B. L. ^[84] ; LaHurd, D. ^[53] ; Lang, R. G. ^[62] ; Langner, N. ^[15] ; Leigui de Oliveira, M. A. ^[85] ; Lenok, V ^[59] ; Letessier-Selvon, A. ^[86] ; Lhenry-Yvon, I ^[25] ; Lo Presti, D. ^{[36, 37]} ; Lopes, L. ^{[2, 3]} ; Lopez, R. ^[87] ; Lorek, R. ^[53] ; Luce, Q. ^[63] ; Lucero, A. ^[10] ; Lundquist, J. P. ^[83] ; Payeras, A. Machado ^[44] ; Mancarella, G. ^{[43, 50]} ; Mandat, D. ^[19] ; Manning, B. C. ^[6] ; Manshanden, J. ^[88] ; Mantsch, P. ^[72] ; Marafico, S. ^[25] ; Mariazzi, A. G. ^{[66, 67]} ; Marsella, G. ^{[43, 50]} ; Martello, D. ^{[43, 50]} ; Martinez, H. ^[62] ; Martinez Bravo, O. ^[87] ; Mastrodicasa, M. ^{[26, 27]} ; Mathes, H. J. ^[59] ; Matthews, J. ^[89] ; Matthiae, G. ^{[90, 91]} ; Mayotte, E. ^[22] ; Mazur, P. O. ^[72] ; Medina-Tanco, G. ^[64] ; Melo, D. ^[10] ; Menshikov, A. ^[73] ; Merenda, K-D ^[82] ; Michal, S. ^[46] ; Micheletti, I, M. ; Miramonti, L. ^{[39, 40]} ; Mollerach, S. ^{[7, 8]} ; Montanet, F. ^[23] ; Morello, C. ^{[4, 5]} ; Mostafa, M. ^[92] ; Muller, A. L. ^{[59, 10]} ; Muller, M. A. ^{[44, 28, 93]} ; Mulrey, K. ^[35] ; Mussa, R. ^[4] ; Muzio, M. ^[71] ; Namasaka, W. M. ^[22] ; Nellen, L. ^[64] ; Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. ^[20] ; Niechciol, M. ^[32] ; Nitz, D. ^{[74, 94]} ; Nosek, D. ^[95] ; Novotny, V ^[95] ; Nozka, L. ^[46] ; Nucita, A. ^{[43, 50]} ; Nunez, L. A. ^[96] ; Palatka, M. ^[19] ; Pallotta, J. ^{[97, 98]} ; Papenbreer, P. ^[22] ; Parente, G. ^[11] ; Parra, A. ^[87] ; Pech, M. ^[19] ; Pedreira, F. ^[11] ; Pelayo, R. ^[99] ; Pena-Rodriguez, J. ^[96] ; Armand, J. Perez ^[29] ; Perlin, M. ^{[59, 10]} ; Perrone, L. ^{[43, 50]} ; Petrera, S. ^{[26, 51]} ; Pierog, T. ^[59] ; Pimenta, M. ^{[2, 3]} ; Pirronello, V ^{[36, 37]} ; Platino, M. ^[10] ; Pont, B. ^[1] ; Pothast, M. ^{[1, 41]} ; Privitera, P. ^[70] ; Prouza, M. ^[19] ; Puyleart, A. ^[74] ; Querchfeld, S. ^[22] ; Rautenberg, J. ^[22] ; Ravignani, D. ^[10] ; Reininghaus, M. ^{[59, 10]} ; Ridky, J. ^[19] ; Riehn, F. ^{[2, 3]} ; Risse, M. ^[32] ; Ristori, P. ^{[97, 98]} ; Rizi, V ^{[26, 27]} ; de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues ^[29] ; Rodriguez Rojo, J. ^{[16, 17]} ; Roncoroni, M. J. ^[10] ; Roth, M. ^[59] ; Roulet, E. ^{[7, 8]} ; Rovero, A. C. ^[58] ; Ruehl, P. ^[32] ; Saffi, S. J. ^[6] ; Saftoiu, A. ^[20] ; Salamida, F. ^{[26, 27]} ; Salazar, H. ^[87] ; Salina, G. ^[90] ; Sanabria Gomez, J. D. ^[96] ; Sanchez, F. ^[10] ; Santos, E. M. ^[29] ; Santos, E. ^[19] ; Sarazin, F. ^[82] ; Sarmento, R. ^{[2, 3]} ; Sarmiento-Cano, C. ^[10] ; Sato, R. ^{[16, 17]} ; Savina, P. ^{[43, 50, 25]} ; Schaefer, C. M. ^[59] ; Scherini, V ^[43] ; Schieler, H. ^[59] ; Schimassek, M. ^{[63, 10]} ; Schimp, M. ^[22] ; Schlueter, F. ^{[59, 10]} ; Schmidt, D. ^[63] ; Scholten, O. ^{[100, 35]} ; Schovanek, P. ^[19] ; Schroeder, F. G. ^{[59, 49]} ; Schroeder, S. ^[22] ; Schulte, J. ^[15] ; Sciutto, S. J. ^{[66, 67]} ; Scornavacche, M. ^{[59, 10]} ; Shellard, R. C. ^[101] ; Sigl, G. ^[88] ; Silli, G. ^{[59, 10]} ; Sima, O. ^{[20, 102]} ; Smida, R. ^[70] ; Sommers, P. ^[92] ; Soriano, J. F. ^[13] ; Souchard, J. ^[23] ; Squartini, R. ^[16] ; Stadelmaier, M. ^{[59, 10]} ; Stanca, D. ^[20] ; Stasielak, J. ^[30] ; Stassi, P. ^[23] ; Streich, A. ^{[63, 10]} ; Suarez-Duran, M. ^[96] ; Sudholz, T. ^[6] ; Suomijarvi, T. ^[25] ; Supanitsky, A. D. ^[10] ; Supik, J. ^[46] ; Szadkowski, Z. ^[103] ; Taboada, A. ^[63] ; Tapia, A. ^[104] ; Timmermans, C. ^{[1, 41]} ; Tkachenko, O. ^[59] ; Tobiska, P. ^[19] ; Peixoto, C. J. Todero ^[42] ; Tome, B. ^{[2, 3]} ; Torralba Elipe, G. ^[11] ; Travaini, A. ^[16] ; Travnicek, P. ^[19] ; Trimarelli, C. ^{[26, 27]} ; Trini, M. ^[83] ; Tueros, M. ^{[66, 67]} ; Ulrich, R. ^[59] ; Unger, M. ^[59] ; Vaclavek, L. ^[46] ; Vacula, M. ^[46] ; Valdes Galicia, J. F. ^[64] ; Valino, I ^{[26, 51]} ; Valore, L. ^{[14, 21]} ; Varela, E. ^[87] ; Varma, V. K. C. ^{[59, 10]} ; Vasquez-Ramirez, A. ^[96] ; Ventura, C. ^[61] ; Vergara Quispe, I. D. ^{[66, 67]} ; Verzi, V. ^[90] ; Vicha, J. ^[19] ; Vink, J. ^[105] ; Vorobiov, S. ^[83] ; Wahlberg, H. ^{[66, 67]} ; Watson, A. A. ^[106] ; Weber, M. ^[73] ; Weindl, A. ^[59] ; Wiencke, L. ^[82] ; Winchen, T. ^[35] ; Wirtz, M. ^[15] ; Wittkowski, D. ^[22] ; Wundheiler, B. ^[10] ; Yushkov, A. ^[19] ; Zapparrata, O. ^[45] ; Zas, E. ^[11] ; Zavrtanik, D. ^{[107, 83]} ; Zavrtanik, M. ^{[107, 83]} ; Zehrer, L. ^[83] ; Zepeda, A. ^[108] ; Collaboration, Pierre Auger

Affiliation:Show less -

^[1] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Nijmegen - Netherlands

^[2] Univ Lisboa UL, Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas LIP, Lisbon - Portugal

^[3] Univ Lisboa UL, Inst Super Tecn IST, Lisbon - Portugal

^[4] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, Turin - Italy

^[5] Osservatorio Astrofis Torino INAF, Turin - Italy

^[6] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA - Australia

^[7] Inst Balseiro CNEA UNCuyo CONICET, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro - Argentina

^[8] Ctr Mico Bariloche, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro - Argentina

^[9] Univ Tecnol Nacl, Fac Reg Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[10] UNSAM, Inst Tecnol Detecc & Astroparticulas CNEA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[11] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Galego Fis Altas Enerxias IGFAE, Santiago De Compostela - Spain

^[12] Univ Torino, Dipartimento Fis, Turin - Italy

^[13] CUNY, Lehman Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10021 - USA

^[14] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, Naples - Italy

^[15] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, Aachen - Germany

^[16] Observ Pierre Auger, Malargue - Argentina

^[17] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Malargue - Argentina

^[18] Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Bucharest - Romania

^[19] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Prague - Czech Republic

^[20] Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest - Romania

^[21] Univ Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento Fis Ettore Pancini, Naples - Italy

^[22] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Wuppertal - Germany

^[23] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Inst Engn, LPSC IN2P3, F-38000 Grenoble - France

^[24] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Bonn - Germany

^[25] Univ Paris Saclay, IJCLab, CNRS IN2P3, Orsay - France

^[26] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, Laquila - Italy

^[27] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Chim, Laquila - Italy

^[28] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro - Brazil

^[29] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[30] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow - Poland

^[31] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 - USA

^[32] Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys Expt Teilchenphys 7, Siegen - Germany

^[33] Univ Granada, Granada - Spain

^[34] CAFPE, Granada - Spain

^[35] Vrije Univ Brussels, Brussels - Belgium

^[36] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Catania - Italy

^[37] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Catania - Italy

^[38] Univ Autonoma Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas - Mexico

^[39] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan - Italy

^[40] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, Milan - Italy

^[41] Natl Inst Kernfys Hoge Energie Fys NIKHEF, Sci Pk, Amsterdam - Netherlands

^[42] Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Engn Lorena, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[43] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce, Lecce - Italy

^[44] Univ Estadual Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[45] Univ Libre Bruxelles ULB, Brussels - Belgium

^[46] Palacky Univ, RCPTM, Olomouc - Czech Republic

^[47] Univ Tecnol Nacl, Fac Reg Mendoza, CONICET, CNEA, Mendoza - Argentina

^[48] UNSAM, Inst Tecnol Detecc & Astroparticulas CNEA, CONICET, Mendoza - Argentina

^[49] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Bartol Res Inst, Delaware, OH - USA

^[50] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis E Giorgi, Lecce - Italy

^[51] Gran Sasso Sci Inst, Laquila - Italy

^[52] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Aerosp, Milan - Italy

^[53] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 - USA

^[54] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Nijmegen - Netherlands

^[55] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, FCEyN, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[56] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[57] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Ciencias Atmosfera & Oceanos, FCEyN, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[58] UBA, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio IAFE, CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[59] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Kernphys, Karlsruhe - Germany

^[60] Univ Fed Fluminense, EEIMVR, Rio De Janeiro - Brazil

^[61] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Observ Rio Valongo, Rio De Janeiro - Brazil

^[62] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[63] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Expt Particle Phys ETP, Karlsruhe - Germany

^[64] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City, DF - Mexico

^[65] Univ Fed Parana, Setor Palotina, Palotina - Brazil

^[66] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, La Plata - Argentina

^[67] Univ Nacl La Plata, IFLP, La Plata - Argentina

^[68] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 - USA

^[69] Stichting Astronom Onderzoek Nederland ASTRON, Dwingeloo - Netherlands

^[70] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 - USA

^[71] NYU, New York, NY - USA

^[72] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 - USA

^[73] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Prozessdatenverarbeitung & Elekt, Karlsruhe - Germany

^[74] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 - USA

^[75] I, Univ Nacl Rosario, Inst Sica Rosario IFIR CONICET UNR, Rosario - Argentina

^[76] I, Univ Nacl Rosario, Fac Ciencias Bioquim & Farmaceut, Rosario - Argentina

^[77] Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr Adv Res, Kyoto - Japan

^[78] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto - Japan

^[79] Univ Lodz, Fac Astrophys, Lodz - Poland

^[80] Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Feira De Santana, BA - Brazil

^[81] Inst Space Sci, Bucharest - Romania

^[82] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 - USA

^[83] Univ Nova Gorica, Ctr Astrophys & Cosmol CAC, Nova Gorica - Slovenia

^[84] Ctr Fed Educ Tecnol Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo - Brazil

^[85] Univ Fed ABC, Santo Andre, SP - Brazil

^[86] Univ Paris, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies LPNHE, CNRS IN2P3, Paris - France

^[87] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla - Mexico

^[88] Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, Hamburg - Germany

^[89] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 - USA

^[90] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, Rome - Italy

^[91] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, Rome - Italy

^[92] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 - USA

^[93] Univ Fed Alfenas, Pocos De Caldas - Brazil

^[94] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Karlsruhe - Germany

^[95] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Prague - Czech Republic

^[96] Univ Ind Santander, Bucaramanga - Colombia

^[97] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Villa Martelli - Argentina

^[98] CITEDEF, Ctr Invest Laseres & Aplicac, Villa Martelli - Argentina

^[99] Inst Politecn Nacl UPIITA IPN, Unidad Profes Interdisciplinaria Ingn & Tecnol Av, Mexico City, DF - Mexico

^[100] Univ Groningen, KVI Ctr Adv Radiat Technol, Groningen - Netherlands

^[101] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro - Brazil

^[102] Univ Bucharest, Phys Dept, Bucharest - Romania

^[103] Univ Lodz, Fac High Energy Astrophys, Lodz - Poland

^[104] Univ Medellin, Medellin - Colombia

^[105] Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, Amsterdam - Netherlands

^[106] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds, W Yorkshire - England

^[107] J Stefan Inst, Expt Particle Phys Dept, Ljubljana - Slovenia

^[108] IPN, CINVESTAV, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, DF - Mexico

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Physical Review Letters; v. 126, n. 15 APR 16 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

We present the first measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers produced by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. We find that the measured fluctuations are in good agreement with predictions from air shower simulations. This observation provides new insights into the origin of the previously reported deficit of muons in air shower simulations and constrains models of hadronic interactions at ultrahigh energies. Our measurement is compatible with the muon deficit originating from small deviations in the predictions from hadronic interaction models of particle production that accumulate as the showers develop. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 10/07359-6 - Study of cosmic rays of highest energies with the Pierre Auger Observatory
• Grantee: Carola Dobrigkeit Chinellato
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 99/05404-3 - Pierre Auger Observatory
• Grantee: Carlos Ourivio Escobar
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 19/10151-2 - Study of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays with the Pierre Auger Observatory upgrade AugerPrime
• Grantee: Carola Dobrigkeit Chinellato
• Support Opportunities: Special Projects