Toxicity and Risk Assessment of Zinc and Aluminum Mixtures to Ceriodaphnia silvestrii (Crustacea: Cladocera)

Author(s)

Gebara, Renan Castelhano ^{[1, 2]} ; Goncalves Alho, Lays de Oliveira ^{[1, 2]} ; de Abreu, Cinthia Bruno ^{[1, 2]} ; Mansano, Adrislaine da Silva ^{[1, 2]} ; Moreira, Raquel Aparecida ^[3] ; Rocha, Giseli Swerts ^[3] ; Gama Melao, Maria da Graca ^{[1, 2]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Hydrobiol, Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Postgrad Program Ecol & Nat Resources, Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Nucleo Estudos Ecossistemas Aquat NEEA, Ctr Recursos Hidr & Estudos Ambientais CRHEA, Dept Hidraul & Saneamento SHS, Sao Carlos Sch Engn, Sao Carlos - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry; v. 40, n. 10 SEP 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

Despite the co-occurrence of metals in aquatic environments, their joint effects are generally not considered during risk assessments. Data on the combined effects of zinc (Zn) and aluminum (Al) on aquatic animals are extremely scarce in the literature, although these metals are commonly used in domestic and industrial activities. In the present study, we investigated the effects of mixtures of Zn and Al on the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. We evaluated immobility (at 48 h) and ingestion rates (at 24 h). We also performed chronic toxicity tests for single metals. The environmental risks of these substances for tropical freshwaters were estimated from the risk quotient (measured environmental concentration/predicted no-effect concentration). In immobility tests, our results showed a 48-h median effect concentration (EC50) of 0.22 mg Zn L-1 and 0.52 mg Al L-1, and we observed synergistic effects of Zn and Al, following the independent action model. The ingestion rates of C. silvestrii were inhibited at 0.1, 0.4, and 0.5 mg Al L-1, and they were increased at 0.08 mg Zn L-1; we observed antagonistic effects in all treatments combined with 0.5 mg Al L-1. In terms of chronic toxicity, a 7-d EC50 occurred at 0.11 mg Zn L-1 and 0.37 mg Al L-1. The risk assessment suggests a potential risk of these metals at environmentally relevant concentrations, especially when in a mixture. Therefore, we recommend mixture toxicity tests during risk assessments to ensure that zooplankton are protected. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;00:1-11. (c) 2021 SETAC (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/24126-4 - EFFECTS OF THE PESTICIDES FIPRONIL AND 2,4-D, ISOLATELY AND IN MIXTURE, ON NATIVE SPECIES OF THE NEOTROPICAL AQUATIC BIOTA
• Grantee: Raquel Aparecida Moreira
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 18/07988-5 - Bioprospecting, characterization and optimization of Brazilian microalgal strains for CO2 biofixation and bioproducts of commercial importance
• Grantee: Ana Teresa Lombardi
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 14/14139-3 - Microbial processes and biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems
• Grantee: Hugo Miguel Preto de Morais Sarmento
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants