The FRAM robotic telescope for atmospheric monitoring at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author(s):Show less -

Aab, A. ^[1] ; Abreu, P. ^{[2, 3]} ; Aglietta, M. ^{[4, 5]} ; Albury, J. M. ^[6] ; Allekotte, I ^{[7, 8]} ; Almela, A. ^{[9, 10]} ; Alvarez-Muniz, J. ^[11] ; Batista, R. Alves ^[1] ; Anastasi, G. A. ^{[4, 12]} ; Anchordoqui, L. ^[13] ; Andrada, B. ^[10] ; Andringa, S. ^{[2, 3]} ; Aramo, C. ^[14] ; Ferreira, P. R. Araujo ^[15] ; Arteaga Velazquez, J. C. ^[16] ; Asorey, H. ^[10] ; Assis, P. ^{[2, 3]} ; Avila, G. ^{[17, 18]} ; Badescu, A. M. ^[19] ; Bakalova, A. ^[20] ; Balaceanu, A. ^[21] ; Barbato, F. ^{[22, 23]} ; Barreira Luz, R. J. ^{[2, 3]} ; Becker, K. H. ^[24] ; Bellido, J. A. ^{[6, 25]} ; Berat, C. ^[26] ; Bertaina, M. E. ^{[4, 12]} ; Bertou, X. ^{[7, 8]} ; Biermann, P. L. ^[27] ; Bister, T. ^[15] ; Biteau, J. ^[28] ; Blazek, J. ^[20] ; Bleve, C. ^[26] ; Boncioli, D. ^{[22, 29]} ; Bonifazi, C. ^[30] ; Arbeletche, L. Bonneau ^[31] ; Borodai, N. ^[32] ; Botti, A. M. ^[10] ; Brack, J. ^[33] ; Bretz, T. ^[15] ; Brichetto Orchera, P. G. ^[10] ; Briechle, F. L. ^[15] ; Buchholz, P. ^[34] ; Bueno, A. ^{[35, 36]} ; Buitink, S. ^[37] ; Buscemi, M. ^[38] ; Caballero-Mora, K. S. ^[39] ; Caccianiga, L. ^{[40, 41]} ; Canfora, F. ^{[1, 42]} ; Caracas, I ^[24] ; Carceller, J. M. ^{[35, 36]} ; Caruso, R. ^{[38, 43]} ; Castellina, A. ^{[4, 5]} ; Catalani, F. ^[44] ; Cataldi, G. ^[45] ; Cazon, L. ^{[2, 3]} ; Cerda, M. ^[17] ; Chinellato, J. A. ^[46] ; Choi, K. ^[47] ; Chudoba, J. ^[20] ; Chytka, L. ^[48] ; Clay, R. W. ^[6] ; Cobos Cerutti, A. C. ^{[49, 50]} ; Colalillo, R. ^{[14, 51]} ; Coleman, A. ^[52] ; Coluccia, M. R. ^[45] ; Conceicao, R. ^{[2, 3]} ; Condorelli, A. ^{[22, 23]} ; Consolati, G. ^{[41, 53]} ; Contreras, F. ^{[17, 18]} ; Convenga, F. ^{[54, 45]} ; dos Santos, D. Correia ^[55] ; Covault, C. E. ^[56] ; Dasso, S. ^{[57, 58, 59, 60]} ; Daumiller, K. ^[61] ; Dawson, B. R. ^[6] ; Day, J. A. ^[6] ; de Almeida, R. M. ^[55] ; de Jesus, J. ^{[10, 61]} ; de Jong, S. J. ^{[1, 42]} ; De Mauro, G. ^{[1, 42]} ; de Mello Neto, J. R. T. ^{[30, 62]} ; De Mitri, I ^{[22, 23]} ; de Oliveira, J. ^[55] ; Franco, D. de Oliveira ^[46] ; de Palma, F. ^{[54, 45]} ; de Souza, V ^[63] ; De Vito, E. ^{[54, 45]} ; del Rio, M. ^{[17, 18]} ; Deligny, O. ^[28] ; Di Matteo, A. ^[4] ; Dobrigkeit, C. ^[46] ; dos Anjos, R. C. ^[64] ; Dova, M. T. ^{[65, 66]} ; Ebr, J. ^[20] ; Engel, R. ^{[61, 67]} ; Epicoco, I ^{[54, 45]} ; Erdmann, M. ^[15] ; Escobar, C. O. ^[68] ; Etchegoyen, A. ^{[9, 10]} ; Falcke, H. ^{[1, 69, 42]} ; Farmer, J. ^[70] ; Farrar, G. ^[71] ; Fauth, A. C. ^[46] ; Fazzini, N. ^[68] ; Feldbusch, F. ^[72] ; Fenu, F. ^{[4, 5]} ; Fick, B. ^[73] ; Figueira, J. M. ^[10] ; Filipcic, A. ^{[74, 75]} ; Fodran, T. ^[1] ; Freire, M. M. ^{[76, 77]} ; Fujii, T. ^{[70, 78, 79]} ; Fuster, A. ^{[9, 10]} ; Galea, C. ^[1] ; Galelli, C. ^{[40, 41]} ; Garcia, B. ^{[49, 50]} ; Vegas, A. L. Garcia ^[15] ; Gemmeke, H. ^[72] ; Gesualdi, F. ^{[10, 61]} ; Gherghel-Lascu, A. ^[21] ; Ghia, P. L. ^[28] ; Giaccari, U. ^[1] ; Giammarchi, M. ^[41] ; Giller, M. ^[80] ; Glombitza, J. ^[15] ; Gobbi, F. ^[17] ; Gollan, F. ^[10] ; Golup, G. ^{[7, 8]} ; Berisso, M. Gomez ^{[7, 8]} ; Gomez Vitale, P. F. ^{[17, 18]} ; Gongora, J. P. ^{[17, 18]} ; Gonzalez, J. M. ^{[7, 8]} ; Gonzalez, N. ^[47] ; Goos, I ^{[7, 8, 61]} ; Gora, D. ^[32] ; Gorgi, A. ^{[4, 5]} ; Gottowik, M. ^[24] ; Grubb, T. D. ^[6] ; Guarino, F. ^{[14, 51]} ; Guedes, G. P. ^[81] ; Guido, E. ^{[4, 12]} ; Hahn, S. ^{[10, 61]} ; Hamal, P. ^[20] ; Hampel, M. R. ^[10] ; Hansen, P. ^{[65, 66]} ; Harari, D. ^{[7, 8]} ; Harvey, V. M. ^[6] ; Haungs, A. ^[61] ; Hebbeker, T. ^[15] ; Heck, D. ^[61] ; Hill, G. C. ^[6] ; Hojvat, C. ^[68] ; Horandel, J. R. ^{[1, 42]} ; Horvath, P. ^[48] ; Hrabovsky, M. ^[48] ; Huege, T. ^{[37, 61]} ; Hulsman, J. ^{[10, 61]} ; Insolia, A. ^{[38, 43]} ; Isar, P. G. ^[82] ; Janecek, P. ^[20] ; Johnsen, J. A. ^[83] ; Jurysek, J. ^[20] ; Kaapa, A. ^[24] ; Kampert, K. H. ^[24] ; Keilhauer, B. ^[61] ; Kemp, J. ^[15] ; Klages, H. O. ^[61] ; Kleifges, M. ^[72] ; Kleinfeller, J. ^[17] ; Kopke, M. ^[67] ; Kunka, N. ^[72] ; Lago, B. L. ^[84] ; Lang, R. G. ^[63] ; Langner, N. ^[15] ; Leigui de Oliveira, M. A. ^[85] ; Lenok, V ^[61] ; Letessier-Selvon, A. ^[86] ; Lhenry-Yvon, I ^[28] ; Lo Presti, D. ^{[38, 43]} ; Lopes, L. ^{[2, 3]} ; Lopez, R. ^[87] ; Lu, L. ^{[88, 89]} ; Luce, Q. ^[67] ; Lucero, A. ^[10] ; Lundquist, J. P. ^[75] ; Payeras, A. Machado ^[46] ; Mancarella, G. ^{[54, 45]} ; Mandat, D. ^[20] ; Manning, B. C. ^[6] ; Manshanden, J. ^[90] ; Mantsch, P. ^[68] ; Marafico, S. ^[28] ; Mariazzi, A. G. ^{[65, 66]} ; Marsella, G. ^{[38, 91]} ; Martello, D. ^{[54, 45]} ; Martinez, H. ^[63] ; Martinez Bravo, O. ^[87] ; Mastrodicasa, M. ^{[22, 29]} ; Mathes, H. J. ^[61] ; Matthews, J. ^[92] ; Matthiae, G. ^{[93, 94]} ; Mayotte, E. ^[24] ; Mazur, P. O. ^[68] ; Medina-Tanco, G. ^[95] ; Melo, D. ^[10] ; Menshikov, A. ^[72] ; Merenda, K-D ^[83] ; Michal, S. ^[48] ; Micheletti, I, M. ; Miramonti, L. ^{[40, 41]} ; Mollerach, S. ^{[7, 8]} ; Montanet, F. ^[26] ; Morello, C. ^{[4, 5]} ; Mostafa, M. ^[96] ; Muller, A. L. ^[10] ; Muller, M. A. ^[46] ; Mulrey, K. ^[37] ; Mussa, R. ^[4] ; Muzio, M. ^[71] ; Namasaka, W. M. ^[24] ; Nasr-Esfahani, A. ^[24] ; Nellen, L. ^[95] ; Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. ^[21] ; Niechciol, M. ^[34] ; Nitz, D. ^[73] ; Nosek, D. ^[97] ; Novotny, V ^[97] ; Nozka, L. ^[48] ; Nucita, A. ^{[54, 45]} ; Nunez, L. A. ^[98] ; Palatka, M. ^[20] ; Pallotta, J. ^{[99, 100]} ; Papenbreer, P. ^[24] ; Parente, G. ^[11] ; Parra, A. ^[87] ; Pech, M. ^[20] ; Pedreira, F. ^[11] ; Pelayo, R. ^[101] ; Pena-Rodriguez, J. ^[98] ; Pereira Martins, E. E. ^{[10, 67]} ; Armand, J. Perez ^[31] ; Perez Bertolli, C. ^{[10, 61]} ; Perlin, M. ^{[10, 61]} ; Perrone, L. ^{[54, 45]} ; Petrera, S. ^{[22, 23]} ; Pierog, T. ^[61] ; Pimenta, M. ^{[2, 3]} ; Pirronello, V ^{[38, 43]} ; Platino, M. ^[10] ; Pont, B. ^[1] ; Pothast, M. ^{[1, 42]} ; Privitera, P. ^[70] ; Prouza, M. ^[20] ; Puyleart, A. ^[73] ; Querchfeld, S. ^[24] ; Rautenberg, J. ^[24] ; Ravignani, D. ^[10] ; Reininghaus, M. ^{[10, 61]} ; Ridky, J. ^[20] ; Riehn, F. ^{[2, 3]} ; Risse, M. ^[34] ; Rizi, V ^{[22, 29]} ; de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues ^[31] ; Rodriguez Rojo, J. ^{[17, 18]} ; Roncoroni, M. J. ^[10] ; Roth, M. ^[61] ; Roulet, E. ^{[7, 8]} ; Rovero, A. C. ^[60] ; Ruehl, P. ^[34] ; Saffi, S. J. ^[6] ; Saftoiu, A. ^[21] ; Salamida, F. ^{[22, 29]} ; Salazar, H. ^[87] ; Salina, G. ^[93] ; Sanabria Gomez, J. D. ^[98] ; Sanchez, F. ^[10] ; Santos, E. M. ^[31] ; Santos, E. ^[20] ; Sarazin, F. ^[83] ; Sarmento, R. ^{[2, 3]} ; Sarmiento-Cano, C. ^[10] ; Sato, R. ^{[17, 18]} ; Savina, P. ^{[54, 45, 28]} ; Schafer, C. M. ^[61] ; Scherini, V ^[45] ; Schieler, H. ^[61] ; Schimassek, M. ^{[10, 67]} ; Schimp, M. ^[24] ; Schluter, F. ^{[10, 61]} ; Schmidt, D. ^[67] ; Scholten, O. ^{[102, 37]} ; Schovanek, P. ^[20] ; Schroder, F. G. ^{[52, 61]} ; Schroder, S. ^[24] ; Schulte, J. ^[15] ; Sciutto, S. J. ^{[65, 66]} ; Scornavacche, M. ^{[10, 61]} ; Segreto, A. ^{[103, 38]} ; Sehgal, S. ^[24] ; Shellard, R. C. ^[104] ; Sigl, G. ^[90] ; Silli, G. ^{[10, 61]} ; Sima, O. ^{[21, 105]} ; Smida, R. ^[70] ; Sommers, P. ^[96] ; Soriano, J. F. ^[13] ; Souchard, J. ^[26] ; Squartini, R. ^[17] ; Stadelmaier, M. ^{[10, 61]} ; Stanca, D. ^[21] ; Stasielak, J. ^[32] ; Stassi, P. ^[26] ; Streich, A. ^{[10, 67]} ; Suarez-Duran, M. ^[98] ; Sudholz, T. ^[6] ; Suomijarvi, T. ^[28] ; Supanitsky, A. D. ^[10] ; Supik, J. ^[48] ; Szadkowski, Z. ^[106] ; Taboada, A. ^[67] ; Tapia, A. ^[107] ; Taricco, C. ^{[4, 12]} ; Timmermans, C. ^{[1, 42]} ; Tkachenko, O. ^[61] ; Tobiska, P. ^[20] ; Todero Peixoto, C. J. ^[44] ; Tome, B. ^{[2, 3]} ; Travaini, A. ^[17] ; Travnicek, P. ^[20] ; Trimarelli, C. ^{[22, 29]} ; Trini, M. ^[75] ; Tueros, M. ^{[65, 66]} ; Ulrich, R. ^[61] ; Unger, M. ^[61] ; Vaclavek, L. ^[48] ; Vacula, M. ^[48] ; Valdes Galicia, J. F. ^[95] ; Valore, L. ^{[14, 51]} ; Varela, E. ^[87] ; Varma, V. K. C. ^{[10, 61]} ; Vasquez-Ramirez, A. ^[98] ; Ventura, C. ^[62] ; Vergara Quispe, I. D. ^{[65, 66]} ; Verzi, V. ^[93] ; Vicha, J. ^[20] ; Vink, J. ^[108] ; Vorobiov, S. ^[75] ; Wahlberg, H. ^{[65, 66]} ; Watanabe, C. ^[30] ; Watson, A. A. ^[109] ; Weber, M. ^[72] ; Weindl, A. ^[61] ; Wiencke, L. ^[83] ; Winchen, T. ^[37] ; Wirtz, M. ^[15] ; Wittkowski, D. ^[24] ; Wundheiler, B. ^[10] ; Yushkov, A. ^[20] ; Zapparrata, O. ^[47] ; Zas, E. ^[11] ; Zavrtanik, D. ^{[74, 75]} ; Zavrtanik, M. ^{[74, 75]} ; Zehrer, L. ^[75] ; Zepeda, A. ^[110] ; Cunniffe, R. ^[20] ; Eliasek, J. ^[20] ; Ebrova, I ^[111] ; Jelinek, M. ^[112] ; Karpov, S. ^[20] ; Kubanek, P. ^[113] ; Masek, M. ^[20] ; Collaboration, Pierre Auger

Affiliation:Show less -

^[1] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Nijmegen - Netherlands

^[2] Univ Lisboa UL, Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas LIP, Lisbon - Portugal

^[3] Univ Lisboa UL, Inst Super Tecn IST, Lisbon - Portugal

^[4] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, Turin - Italy

^[5] Osservatorio Astrofis Torino INAF, Turin - Italy

^[6] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA - Australia

^[7] CNEA UNCuyo CONICET, Inst Balseiro, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro - Argentina

^[8] Ctr Atom Bariloche, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro - Argentina

^[9] Univ Tecnol Nacl, Fac Reg Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[10] UNSAM, Inst Tecnol Detecc & Astroparticulas, CONICET, CNEA, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[11] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Galego Fis Altas Enerxias IGFAE, Santiago De Compostela - Spain

^[12] Univ Torino, Dipartimento Fis, Turin - Italy

^[13] CUNY, Dept Phys & Astron, Lehman Coll, Bronx, NY - USA

^[14] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, Naples - Italy

^[15] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A 3, Aachen - Germany

^[16] Univ Michoacana, Morelia, Michoacan - Mexico

^[17] Observ Pierre Auger, Malargue - Argentina

^[18] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Malargue - Argentina

^[19] Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Bucharest - Romania

^[20] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Prague - Czech Republic

^[21] Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest - Romania

^[22] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, Laquila - Italy

^[23] Gran Sasso Sci Inst, Laquila - Italy

^[24] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Wuppertal - Germany

^[25] Univ Nacl San Agustin Arequipa, Fac Ciencias Nat & Formales, Arequipa - Peru

^[26] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Inst Engn, CNRS, LPSC IN2P3, F-38000 Grenoble - France

^[27] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Bonn - Germany

^[28] Univ Paris Saclay, CNRS IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay - France

^[29] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Chim, Laquila - Italy

^[30] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ - Brazil

^[31] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[32] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow - Poland

^[33] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 - USA

^[34] Univ Siegen, Dept Phys Expt Teilchenphys, Siegen - Germany

^[35] Univ Granada, Granada - Spain

^[36] CAFPE, Granada - Spain

^[37] Vrije Univ Brussels, Brussels - Belgium

^[38] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Catania - Italy

^[39] Univ Autonoma Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas - Mexico

^[40] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan - Italy

^[41] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, Milan - Italy

^[42] Natl Inst Kernfys Hoge Energie Fys NIKHEF, Sci Pk, Amsterdam - Netherlands

^[43] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Catania - Italy

^[44] Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Engn Lorena, Lorena, SP - Brazil

^[45] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce, Lecce - Italy

^[46] Univ Estadual Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[47] Univ Libre Bruxelles ULB, Brussels - Belgium

^[48] Palacky Univ, RCPTM, Olomouc - Czech Republic

^[49] Univ Tecnol Nacl, Fac Reg Mendoza, CONICET, CNEA, Mendoza - Argentina

^[50] UNSAM, Inst Tecnol Detecc & Astroparticulas, CONICET, CNEA, Mendoza - Argentina

^[51] Univ Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento Fis Ettore Pancini, Naples - Italy

^[52] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 - USA

^[53] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Aerosp, Milan - Italy

^[54] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis E De Giorgi, Lecce - Italy

^[55] Univ Fed Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ - Brazil

^[56] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 - USA

^[57] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, FCEyN, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[58] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[59] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Ciencias Atmosfera & Oceanos, FCEyN, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[60] UBA, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio IAFE, CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[61] Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT, Inst Astroparticle Phys, Karlsruhe - Germany

^[62] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Observ Valongo, Rio De Janeiro, RJ - Brazil

^[63] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[64] Univ Fed Parana, Setor Palotina, Palotina - Brazil

^[65] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, La Plata - Argentina

^[66] Univ Nacl La Plata, IFLP, La Plata - Argentina

^[67] Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT, Inst Expt Particle Phys, Karlsruhe - Germany

^[68] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 - USA

^[69] Stichting Astron Onderzoek Nederland ASTRON, Dwingeloo - Netherlands

^[70] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 - USA

^[71] NYU, New York, NY - USA

^[72] Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT, Inst Prozessdatenverarbeitung & Elekt, Karlsruhe - Germany

^[73] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 - USA

^[74] J Stefan Inst, Expt Particle Phys Dept, Ljubljana - Slovenia

^[75] Univ Nova Gorica, Ctr Astrophys & Cosmol CAC, Nova Gorica - Slovenia

^[76] I, UNR, Fac Ciencias Bioquim & Farmaceut, Rosario - Argentina

^[77] I, UNR, CONICET, Inst Fis Rosario IFIR, Rosario - Argentina

^[78] Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr Adv Res, Kyoto - Japan

^[79] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto - Japan

^[80] Univ Lodz, Fac Astrophys, Lodz - Poland

^[81] Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Feira De Santana, BA - Brazil

^[82] Inst Space Sci, Bucharest - Romania

^[83] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 - USA

^[84] Ctr Fed Educ Tecnol Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo - Brazil

^[85] Univ Fed ABC, Santo Andre, SP - Brazil

^[86] Univ Paris, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies LPNHE, CNRS IN2P3, Paris - France

^[87] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla - Mexico

^[88] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 - USA

^[89] Univ Wisconsin, WIPAC, Madison, WI - USA

^[90] Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, Hamburg - Germany

^[91] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Fis & Chim E Segre, Palermo - Italy

^[92] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 - USA

^[93] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, Rome - Italy

^[94] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, Rome - Italy

^[95] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City, DF - Mexico

^[96] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 - USA

^[97] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Prague - Czech Republic

^[98] Univ Ind Santander, Bucaramanga - Colombia

^[99] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Villa Martelli - Argentina

^[100] CITEDEF, Ctr Invest Laseres & Aplicac, Villa Martelli - Argentina

^[101] Inst Politecn Nacl UPIITA IPN, Unidad Profes Interdisciplinaria Ingn & Tecnol Av, Mexico City, DF - Mexico

^[102] Univ Groningen, KVI Ctr Adv Radiat Technol, Groningen - Netherlands

^[103] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm Palermo INAF, Palermo - Italy

^[104] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ - Brazil

^[105] Univ Bucharest, Phys Dept, Bucharest - Romania

^[106] Univ Lodz, Fac High Energy Astrophys, Lodz - Poland

^[107] Univ Medellin, Medellin - Colombia

^[108] Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, Amsterdam - Netherlands

^[109] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds, W Yorkshire - England

^[110] IPN CINVESTAV, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, DF - Mexico

^[111] Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Warsaw - Poland

^[112] Czech Acad Sci, Astron Inst, Ondrejov - Czech Republic

^[113] Vera C Rubin Observ, La Serena - Chile

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Journal of Instrumentation; v. 16, n. 6 JUN 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

FRAM (F/Photometric Robotic Atmospheric Monitor) is a robotic telescope operated at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina for the purposes of atmospheric monitoring using stellar photometry. As a passive system which does not produce any light that could interfere with the observations of the fluorescence telescopes of the observatory, it complements the active monitoring systems that use lasers. We discuss the applications of stellar photometry for atmospheric monitoring at optical observatories in general and the particular modes of operation employed by the Auger FRAM. We describe in detail the technical aspects of FRAM, the hardware and software requirements for a successful operation of a robotic telescope for such a purpose and their implementation within the FRAM system. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 10/07359-6 - Study of cosmic rays of highest energies with the Pierre Auger Observatory
• Grantee: Carola Dobrigkeit Chinellato
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants