Human periodontal ligament stem cells with distinct osteogenic potential induce bone formation in rat calvaria defects

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Adolpho, Leticia Faustino ; Lopes, Helena Bacha ; Freitas, Gileade Pereira ; Weffort, Denise ; Campos Totoli, Gabriela Guaraldo ; Loyola Barbosa, Ana Carolina ; Freire Assis, Rahyza Inacio ; Silverio Ruiz, Karina Gonzales ; Andia, Denise Carleto ; Rosa, Adalberto Luiz ; Beloti, Marcio Mateus

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: REGENERATIVE MEDICINE; v. 17, n. 6, p. 13-pg., 2022-03-16.

Abstract

Plain language summary Bone is one of the most transplanted tissues worldwide and cell-based therapies has been investigated as an alternative for the treatment of bone defects. Dental tissues have been investigated as sources of stem cells and the periodontal ligament has been shown to be a viable source of these cells. Stem cells from periodontal ligament induce significant bone formation in rat calvaria defects and are safe for cell-based therapies, as the cells remain at the bone defect site for up to 4 weeks and do not migrate to vital organs, such as brain, heart, lungs, spleen, kidneys, and liver in the same period. In addition, immune responses were not detected. Considering that, stem cells from periodontal ligament can be useful in cell therapy strategies to induce bone regeneration. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) with high (HP-PDLSCs) and low (LP-PDLSCs) osteogenic potential, in addition to mixed cells, to repair bone tissue. Methods: Cell phenotype, proliferation and differentiation were evaluated. Undifferentiated PDLSCs were injected into rat calvarial defects and the new bone was evaluated by mu CT, histology and real-time PCR. Results: PDLSCs exhibited a typical mesenchymal stem cell phenotype and HP-PDLSCs showed lower proliferative and higher osteogenic potential than LP-PDLSCs. PDLSCs induced similar bone formation and histological analysis suggests a remodeling process, confirmed by osteogenic and osteoclastogenic markers, especially in tissues derived from defects treated with HP-PDLSCs. Conclusion: PDLSCs induced similar bone formation irrespective of their in vitro osteogenic potential. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 19/10076-0 - Effect of mesenchymal stem cells from periodontal ligament with high and low osteogenic potential on bone repair
• Grantee: Letícia Faustino Adolpho
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 17/12622-7 - Cell therapy: potential of mesenchymal stem cells, VEGF-A and BMP-9 to regenerate bone tissue
• Grantee: Adalberto Luiz Rosa
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 13/09650-8 - Epigenetic regulation in human mesenchymal stem cells
• Grantee: Denise Carleto Andia
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants