Short-term strength exercise reduces the macrophage M1/M2 ratio in white adipose tissue of obese animals

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Fernandes, Celio Junior da Costa ; Rodrigues, Kellen Cristina da Cruz ; de Melo, Diego Gomes ; de Campos, Thais Dantis Pereira ; Canciglieri, Raphael dos Santos ; Simabuco, Fernando Moreira ; da Silva, Adelino Sanchez Ramos ; Cintra, Dennys Esper ; Ropelle, Eduardo Rochete ; Pauli, Jose Rodrigo ; de Moura, Leandro Pereira

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Life Sciences; v. 329, p. 10-pg., 2023-09-15.

Abstract

Obesity can exacerbate the systemic inflammatory process, leading to increased infiltration of monocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) and polarization of these cells into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, while reducing the population of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Aerobic exercise has been shown to be effective in reducing the pro-inflammatory profile. However, the impact of strength training and the duration of training on macrophage polarization in the WAT of obese individuals have not been widely studied. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effects of resistance exercise on macrophage infiltration and polarization in the epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese mice. We compared the following groups: Control (CT), Obese (OB), Obese 7-day strength training (STO7d), and Obese 15-day strength training (STO15d). Macrophage populations were evaluated by flow cytometry: total macrophages (F4/80+), M1 (CD11c), and M2 (CD206) macrophages. Our results demonstrated that both training protocols improved peripheral insulin sensitivity by increasing AKT phosphorylation (Ser473). Specifically, the 7-day training regimen reduced total macrophage infiltration and M2 macrophage levels without altering M1 levels. In the STO15d group, significant differences were observed in total macrophage levels, M1 macrophages, and the M1/M2 ratio compared to the OB group. In the epididymal tissue, a reduction in the M1/M2 ratio was observed in the STO7d group. Overall, our data demonstrate that 15 days of strength exercise can reduce the M1/M2 ratio of macrophages in white adipose tissue. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 21/00880-7 - Effects of fasting and strength physical exercise on the AMPK / TBK1 signaling pathway in the liver of obese and diabetic mice
• Grantee: Leandro Pereira de Moura
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 21/02541-5 - The effects of aerobic exercise on hepatic MTCH2 expression/function: a study from bench-to-bedside for NAFLD control
• Grantee: Célio Junior da Costa Fernandes
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 19/16012-4 - The effects of aerobic exercise on hepatic MTCH2 expression/function: a study from bench-to-bedside for NAFLD control
• Grantee: Leandro Pereira de Moura
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants