A dense ring of the trans-Neptunian object Quaoar outside its Roche limit

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Morgado, B. E. ; Sicardy, B. ; Braga-Ribas, F. ; Ortiz, J. L. ; Salo, H. ; Vachier, F. ; Desmars, J. ; Pereira, C. L. ; Santos-Sanz, P. ; Sfair, R. ; de Santana, T. ; Assafin, M. ; Vieira-Martins, R. ; Gomes-Junior, A. R. ; Margoti, G. ; Dhillon, V. S. ; Fernandez-Valenzuela, E. ; Broughton, J. ; Bradshaw, J. ; Langersek, R. ; Benedetti-Rossi, G. ; Souami, D. ; Holler, B. J. ; Kretlow, M. ; Boufleur, R. C. ; Camargo, J. I. B. ; Duffard, R. ; Beisker, W. ; Morales, N. ; Lecacheux, J. ; Rommel, F. L. ; Herald, D. ; Benz, W. ; Jehin, E. ; Jankowsky, F. ; Marsh, T. R. ; Littlefair, S. P. ; Bruno, G. ; Pagano, I. ; Brandeker, A. ; Collier-Cameron, A. ; Floren, H. G. ; Hara, N. ; Olofsson, G. ; Wilson, T. G. ; Benkhaldoun, Z. ; Busuttil, R. ; Burdanov, A. ; Ferrais, M. ; Gault, D. ; Gillon, M. ; Hanna, W. ; Kerr, S. ; Kolb, U. ; Nosworthy, P. ; Sebastian, D. ; Snodgrass, C. ; Teng, J. P. ; de Wit, J.

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Nature; v. 614, n. 7947, p. 21-pg., 2023-02-09.

Abstract

Planetary rings are observed not only around giant planets(1), but also around small bodies such as the Centaur Chariklo(2) and the dwarf planet Haumea(3). Up to now, all known dense rings were located close enough to their parent bodies, being inside the Roche limit, where tidal forces prevent material with reasonable densities from aggregating into a satellite. Here we report observations of an inhomogeneous ring around the trans-Neptunian body (50000) Quaoar. This trans-Neptunian object has an estimated radius(4) of 555 km and possesses a roughly 80-km satellite(5) (Weywot) that orbits at 24 Quaoar radii(6,7). The detected ring orbits at 7.4 radii from the central body, which is well outside Quaoar's classical Roche limit, thus indicating that this limit does not always determine where ring material can survive. Our local collisional simulations show that elastic collisions, based on laboratory experiments(8), can maintain a ring far away from the body. Moreover, Quaoar's ring orbits close to the 1/3 spin-orbit resonance(9) with Quaoar, a property shared by Chariklo's(2,10,11) and Haumea's(3) rings, suggesting that this resonance plays a key role in ring confinement for small bodies. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 18/11239-8 - Determination of satellites and rings orbits from analysis of spacecrafts images
• Grantee: Altair Ramos Gomes Junior
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 16/24561-0 - On the relevance of small bodies in orbital dynamics
• Grantee: Othon Cabo Winter
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants