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A Taxonomy of Game Elements for Gamification in Educational Contexts: Proposal and Evaluation

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Author(s):
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Toda, Armando M. ; Oliveira, Wilk ; Klock, Ana C. ; Palomino, Paula T. ; Pimenta, Marcelo ; Gasparini, Isabela ; Shi, Lei ; Bittencourt, Ig ; Isotani, Seiji ; Cristea, Alexandra I. ; Chang, M ; Sampson, DG ; Huang, R ; Gomes, AS ; Chen, NS ; Bittencourt, II ; Kinshuk ; Dermeval, D ; Bittencourt, IM
Total Authors: 19
Document type: Journal article
Source: 2019 IEEE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES (ICALT 2019); v. N/A, p. 5-pg., 2019-01-01.
Abstract

Gamification has been widely employed in the educational domain over the past eight years when the term became a trend. However, the literature states that gamification still lacks formal definitions to support the design of gamified strategies. This paper aims to create a taxonomy for the game elements, based on gamification experts' opinions. After a brief review from existing work, we extract first the game elements from the current state of the art, and then evaluate them via a survey with 19 gamification and education experts. The resulting taxonomy taxonomy included the description of 21 game elements and their quantitative and qualitative evaluation by the experts. Overall, the proposed taxonomy was in general well accepted by most of the experts. They also suggested expanding it with the inclusion of Narrative and Storytelling game elements. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is proposing a new, confirmed taxonomy to standardise the terminology used to define the game elements as a mean to design and deploy gamification strategies in the educational domain. (AU)

FAPESP's process: 18/15917-0 - Gamification of virtual learning environments: a narrative and user experience approach
Grantee:Paula Toledo Palomino
Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
FAPESP's process: 18/11180-3 - A Data-Driven Recommendation System for Supporting Educational Gamification Planning
Grantee:Armando Maciel Toda
Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate
FAPESP's process: 18/07688-1 - Design and automatic detection of flow experience in students and teachers in gamified intelligent educational systems
Grantee:Wilk Oliveira dos Santos
Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
FAPESP's process: 16/02765-2 - Gamify - A method to apply gamification concepts in software processes and educational applications
Grantee:Armando Maciel Toda
Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate