Multicenter Candida auris outbreak caused by azole-susceptible clade IV in Pernambuco, Brazil

Author(s)

Spruijtenburg, Bram ; de Almeida Junior, Joao Nobrega ; Ribeiro, Felipe de Camargo ; Kemmerich, Karoline Kristina ; Baeta, Karla ; Meijer, Eelco F. J. ; de Groot, Theun ; Meis, Jacques F. ; Colombo, Arnaldo Lopes

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: MYCOSES; v. 67, n. 6, p. 8-pg., 2024-06-01.

Abstract

Background Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast, frequently causing outbreaks in health care facilities. The pathogen persistently colonises human skin and inanimate surfaces such as catheters, aiding to its spread. Moreover, colonisation is a risk factor to develop invasive infection. Objectives We investigated 61 C. auris strains isolated from non-sterile human body sites (n = 53) and the hospital environment (n = 8), originating from four different centres in a single Brazilian state. Materials and Methods Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) against common antifungals was performed, and resistance-associated genes were evaluated. Genetic relatedness was investigated with short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping and validated with whole-genome sequencing (WGS) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Results Antifungal susceptibility testing demonstrated that all isolates were susceptible to azoles, echinocandins and amphotericin B. No mutations were detected in ERG11 and FKS1 genes. With STR typing, isolates were allocated to clade IV and appeared closely related. This was confirmed by WGS SNP analysis of 6 isolates, which demonstrated a maximal difference of only 41 SNPs between these strains. Furthermore, the Brazilian isolates formed a distinct autochthonous branch within clade IV, excluding recent introductions from outside the country. A molecular clock analysis of clade IV isolates from various countries suggests that early in the previous century there was a unique event causing environmental spread of a C. auris ancestor throughout the Latin-American continent, followed by human introduction during the last decades. Conclusion We report the emergence of C. auris patient colonisation in multiple centres by fluconazole-susceptible clade IV close-related strains in Pernambuco State, Brazil. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 21/10599-3 - The Antimicrobial Resistance Institute of São Paulo (The Aries Project)
• Grantee: Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers - RIDC