Root systems of peanut cultivars respond differently to soil P availability to improve P uptake

Author(s)

Cordeiro, Carlos Felipe dos Santos ; Echer, Fabio Rafael ; Rosolem, Ciro Antonio

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE; v. 187, n. 4, p. 10-pg., 2024-05-22.

Abstract

BackgroundPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is regarded as a crop with high nutrient use efficiency, but there may be differences between cultivars. Furthermore, there is little information on the strategy of peanut cultivars to adapt to soil P availability and to what extent they explore non-labile P pools.AimsOur objective was to evaluate growth, root morphology, enzymatic activity in the rhizosphere, and P uptake of peanut cultivars grown under different soil P status.MethodsThe study was conducted in a greenhouse in 6-L pots. Soils with low P (without fertilization) and high P content (with fertilization) and seven peanut cultivars of different origins, different maturation groups, and release years were investigated. Peanut shoot yield, phosphorus uptake, root growth, soil P fractions as well as phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere soil were determined.ResultsIn P-deficient soil, a higher dry matter yield was associated with longer root hairs and root length, which resulted in decreased soil non-labile P was observed mainly with cultivars developed in Argentina (ARG-medium-old and ARG-medium-new) and the late maturity Brazilian cultivar (BR I-late new). These cultivars adapted well to P deficiency and were less dependent on labile P. New Brazilian early and medium maturity cultivars developed less, shorter root hairs, and showed low acid phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere under P deficiency, resulting in lower P uptake and dry matter yield. Under high P availability, new Brazilian cultivars of medium and late maturity showed the highest dry matter yield (9.0 and 9.8 g plant-1, respectively) and longest roots, around 120 m plant-1. High P availability decreased root hairs in all cultivars.ConclusionOverall, the adaptation of peanut cultivars to P-deficient soils was lower for the new mid- and early-maturing Brazilian cultivars compared with the Argentinian and old or late-maturing Brazilian cultivars. The main strategies of P-efficient cultivars under low P availability are to increase root length, root hair length, and root hair density. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 20/14810-8 - Root growth and yield of peanut cultivars affected by phosphorus management
• Grantee: Carlos Felipe dos Santos Cordeiro
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate