Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling

Author(s)

Oliveira, Claudio ^[1] ; Avelino, Gleisy S. ^[1] ; Abe, Kelly T. ^[1] ; Mariguela, Tatiane C. ^[1] ; Benine, Ricardo C. ^[1] ; Orti, Guillermo ^[2] ; Vari, Richard P. ^[3] ; Correa e Castro, Ricardo M. ^[4]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Morfol, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 - USA

^[3] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC - USA

^[4] Univ Sao Paulo, FFCLRP, Dept Biol, LIRP, Sao Paulo - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: BMC Evolutionary Biology; v. 11, SEP 26 2011.
• Web of Science Citations: 215

Abstract

Background: With nearly 1,100 species, the fish family Characidae represents more than half of the species of Characiformes, and is a key component of Neotropical freshwater ecosystems. The composition, phylogeny, and classification of Characidae is currently uncertain, despite significant efforts based on analysis of morphological and molecular data. No consensus about the monophyly of this group or its position within the order Characiformes has been reached, challenged by the fact that many key studies to date have non-overlapping taxonomic representation and focus only on subsets of this diversity. Results: In the present study we propose a new definition of the family Characidae and a hypothesis of relationships for the Characiformes based on phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences of two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes (4,680 base pairs). The sequences were obtained from 211 samples representing 166 genera distributed among all 18 recognized families in the order Characiformes, all 14 recognized subfamilies in the Characidae, plus 56 of the genera so far considered incertae sedis in the Characidae. The phylogeny obtained is robust, with most lineages significantly supported by posterior probabilities in Bayesian analysis, and high bootstrap values from maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses. Conclusion: A monophyletic assemblage strongly supported in all our phylogenetic analysis is herein defined as the Characidae and includes the characiform species lacking a supraorbital bone and with a derived position of the emergence of the hyoid artery from the anterior ceratohyal. To recognize this and several other monophyletic groups within characiforms we propose changes in the limits of several families to facilitate future studies in the Characiformes and particularly the Characidae. This work presents a new phylogenetic framework for a speciose and morphologically diverse group of freshwater fishes of significant ecological and evolutionary importance across the Neotropics and portions of Africa. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 06/04551-8 - Phylogenetic relationships among Cheirodontinae genera (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclar sequences
• Grantee: Tatiane Casagrande Mariguela
• Support type: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 06/05744-4 - Phylogenetic relationships among Characidae subfamilies (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on DNA sequences
• Grantee: Gleisy Semencio Avelino
• Support type: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 06/06749-0 - Phylogenetic analysis among species of the subfamily Bryconinae (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences
• Grantee: Kelly Terumi Abe
• Support type: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 04/09219-6 - Phylogenetic relationships in Characidae (Ostariophysi:Characiforms)
• Grantee: Ricardo Macedo Corrêa e Castro
• Support type: Research Projects - Thematic Grants