Minimally processed recycled yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia for dental applications: Effect of sintering temperature on glass infiltration

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Campos, Tiago Moreira Bastos ; dos Santos, Claudinei ; Alves, Larissa Marcia Martins ; Benalcazar-Jalkh, Ernesto B. ; Strazzi-Sahyon, Henrico Badaoui ; Bergamo, Edmara T. P. ; Tebcherani, Sergio Mazurek ; Witek, Lukasz ; Coelho, Paulo G. ; Yamaguchi, Satoshi ; Thim, Gilmar P. ; Bonfante, Estevam A.

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS; v. 150, p. 9-pg., 2023-12-20.

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a recycling process for the remnants of milled 3Y-TZP and enhance their properties using glass infiltration. 3Y-TZP powder was gathered from the vacuum system of CAD-CAM milling equipment, calcined and sieved (x < 75 mu m). One hundred twenty discs were fabricated and pre-sintered at 1000 degrees C/h. These specimens were then divided into four groups, categorized by glass infiltration (non-infiltrated [Zr] or glass-infiltrated [Zr-G]) and sintering temperature (1450 degrees C [Zr-1450] or 1550 degrees C [Zr-1550]/2h). After sintering, the specimens were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), relative density measurement, and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The biaxial flexural strength test was performed according to the ISO 6872 and followed by fractographic analysis. Subsequent results were analyzed using Weibull statistics. Relative density values of the sintered specimens from Zr-1450 and Zr-1550 groups were 86.7 +/- 1.5% and 92.2 +/- 1.7%, respectively. Particle size distribution revealed particles within the range of 0.1-100 mu m. XRD analysis highlighted the presence of the ZrO2-tetragonal in both the Zr-1450 and Zr-1550 groups. Glass infiltration, however, led to the formation of the ZrO2-monoclinic of 9.84% (Zr-1450-G) and 18.34% (Zr-1550-G). SEM micrographs demonstrated similar microstructural characteristics for Zr-1450 and Zr-1550, whereas the glass-infiltrated groups exhibited comparable infiltration patterns. The highest characteristic strength was observed in the glass-infiltrated groups. Fractographic analyses suggested that fracture origins were related to defects on the tensile side, which propagated to the compression side of the samples. Both the sintering temperature and glass infiltration significantly influenced the mechanical properties of the 3Y-TZP recycled. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 21/07440-2 - Graduated glass infiltration in an ultra-translucent zirconia (5Y-PSZ): synthesis, processing and characterization of physical and mechanical properties
• Grantee: Larissa Marcia Martins Alves
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 21/06730-7 - Towards sustainable zirconia recycled from milling waste and boosted by glass infiltration for restorative use, and of the development of strong, graded, and aging resistant multilayered zirconia blocks
• Grantee: Estevam Augusto Bonfante
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants - Phase 2
• FAPESP's process: 22/07157-1 - Physical and mechanical characterization of a multilayered system using recycled zirconia
• Grantee: Ernesto Byron Benalcazar Jalkh
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 20/12874-9 - Infiltration graded by glass in an experimental composite based on whiskers of alumina and zircônia: development, microstructural characterization and optical and mechanical properties
• Grantee: Tiago Moreira Bastos Campos
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 19/08693-1 - Experimental glass-infiltrated alumina-zirconia composites: characterization of microstructure, optical and mechanical properties.
• Grantee: Edmara Tatiely Pedroso Bergamo
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 22/12118-5 - Development of the recycling process of 3Y-TZP and application in the production of composites with elastic module gradients
• Grantee: Henrico Badaoui Strazzi Sahyon
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 21/08018-2 - Nanomechanical layer characterization of graded ATZ and ZTA composites
• Grantee: Edmara Tatiely Pedroso Bergamo
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Post-doctor