Homeostasis in networks with multiple inputs

Author(s)

Madeira, Joao Luiz de Oliveira ; Antoneli, Fernando

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Journal of Mathematical Biology; v. 89, n. 2, p. 40-pg., 2024-08-01.

Abstract

Homeostasis, also known as adaptation, refers to the ability of a system to counteract persistent external disturbances and tightly control the output of a key observable. Existing studies on homeostasis in network dynamics have mainly focused on 'perfect adaptation' in deterministic single-input single-output networks where the disturbances are scalar and affect the network dynamics via a pre-specified input node. In this paper we provide a full classification of all possible network topologies capable of generating infinitesimal homeostasis in arbitrarily large and complex multiple inputs networks. Working in the framework of 'infinitesimal homeostasis' allows us to make no assumption about how the components are interconnected and the functional form of the associated differential equations, apart from being compatible with the network architecture. Remarkably, we show that there are just three distinct 'mechanisms' that generate infinitesimal homeostasis. Each of these three mechanisms generates a rich class of well-defined network topologies-called homeostasis subnetworks. More importantly, we show that these classes of homeostasis subnetworks provides a topological basis for the classification of 'homeostasis types': the full set of all possible multiple inputs networks can be uniquely decomposed into these special homeostasis subnetworks. We illustrate our results with some simple abstract examples and a biologically realistic model for the co-regulation of calcium ( Ca \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\textrm{Ca}$$\end{document} ) and phosphate ( PO 4 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\textrm{PO}_4$$\end{document} ) in the rat. Furthermore, we identify a new phenomenon that occurs in the multiple input setting, that we call homeostasis mode interaction, in analogy with the well-known characteristic of multiparameter bifurcation theory. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 19/21181-0 - New frontiers in Singularity Theory
• Grantee: Regilene Delazari dos Santos Oliveira
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 19/12247-7 - Mathematical model for regulation of free intra-cellular cholesterol concentration in different cell types
• Grantee: Fernando Martins Antoneli Junior
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants