Unraveling patterns and drivers of saurophagy in South American lizards

Author(s)

Oliveira, Patricia Marques do A. ; Souza, Ubirata Ferreira ; de Sousa, Juliana Delfino ; de Mello, Anna Virginia Albano ; Maia, Natallia Vivian Nascimento da Silva ; Lima, Jose Henrique de Andrade

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS; v. 15, n. 1, p. 13-pg., 2025-02-22.

Abstract

Predation plays a crucial role in community structure and population dynamics, influencing the evolution of various groups. Lizards occupy a central position in predator-prey networks, with some species engaging in saurophagy-where they act as both predator and prey. Here, we investigated saurophagy among the South American lizards, to uncover its biotic and abiotic drivers. We gathered 127 records from the literature, documenting 47 predator species from nine lizard families. Lizards of the family Tropiduridae emerged as both the most frequent predator (39.6%) and the most common prey (26%). Interspecific predation accounted for 63% of cases, while 37% involved cannibalism, primarily targeting juveniles. GLM analyses revealed a positive relationship between predator and prey size. ANOVA did not detect differences in consumption proportional to body size among lizard families. Most records (84%) were in open habitats, particularly the Caatinga and Gal & aacute;pagos. A structural equation model identified isothermality (beta = - 0.43), evapotranspiration (beta = 0.49), and longitude (beta = 0.43) as significant predictors of saurophagy. A random forest model (82% accuracy) highlighted predator family, prey size, and habitat as key decision factors. This study demonstrates the frequent, non-random occurrence of saurophagy in South American lizard assemblages, contributing valuable insights into predator-prey relationships. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 22/11096-8 - From the natural history to the conservation of Brazilian amphibinas
• Grantee: Luis Felipe de Toledo Ramos Pereira
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 22/10081-7 - Defensive strategies in anurans
• Grantee: Ubiratã Ferreira Souza
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master